Cultivation and Management of Tuyuan

Tuyuan, the medicinal name Su Tuyuan, is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine.

I. Life habits

Both adults and nymphs like to live in dark, moist, humus-rich, slightly alkaline loose soil, enter shallow soil during the day, and come out at night (or rainy days) to move around, forage or mate; adults have the habit of eating eggs and kill each other when they are hungry; before and after the Beginning of Winter, the temperature drops, begins to hibernate, hibernates in the sunny and wind-sheltered soil 5 cm deep from the ground, and forages for food after waking the next year.

II. Reproduction

Tuyuan is an oviparous animal. The female begins to lay eggs about 7 days after mating and completes a complete generation in 1.5 ~ 2 years. The spawning period is from June to September every year. Eggs are taken every 15 days (sifted through 6 eyes) and hatched in about 40 days to 60 days at 30 ℃ ~ 32 ℃ and 20% soil humidity. When nymphs grow to 6 years old, excess males are removed according to the female / male ratio of 3 ∶ 1, and the offspring and mother soil elements are raised in ponds (through 2 mesh sieves).

III. Construction of breeding ponds

The feeding pond is suitable for large-scale breeding of nymphs and adults above 5 years old, and the size varies with the number of soil yuan culture, while the incubation of eggs and small-scale feeding can be selected. In the cool and ventilated place with shaded trees facing north and south, dig a pit 1 meter deep, 2 meters long and 1.5 meters wide. After the pit bottom is paved and rammed, the floor is 1 meter high with brick, the inside is smoothed with cement, and the outside is sewn with cement. The top of the pool is equipped with a cover with a movable door (the inner layer is 40 mesh wire mesh, plus a wooden cover). There are air holes embedded with 40 mesh iron screen at each end of the cover, and the joint of the pool wall should be sealed. The bottom of the pond is covered with 20 cm thick breeding soil and equipped with feeding and water equipment, and the worm body can be released.

IV. Feeding and management

1. Animal feed includes earthworms, crickets, mole crickets, mole crickets and various animal scraps. Plant feed includes wheat bran, rice bran, cake, powder, bean curd residue, corn, broken rice and cabbage leaves, cabbage leaves, pumpkin flowers, mulberry leaves, melon peel and so on.

2. Water supply in summer, several small water basins are set up in the feeding pond to provide soil yuan for drinking water, and water is often sprinkled into the pond, and long-term dryness in the pool should be avoided during hibernation. In the case of feeding semi-dry and wet materials, the pond should be kept moist in spring and autumn (20% of soil humidity).

3. In winter, the breeding soil is rich in humus, loose and fertile garbage mud, vegetable garden soil, ditch mud, stove foot soil, sand, loam, etc., and mix in 20% to 30% chicken manure, pig manure, coke ash or plant ash, and expose it in the sun. The depth of soil raised in the pond is 7 cm ~ 10 cm at 1 ~ 4 years old, 16 cm ~ 20 cm at 5 ~ 8 years old, and 20 cm ~ 26 cm for nymphs and adults over 9 years old.

4. Temperature and humidity, the suitable environmental temperature for growth is 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, more than 10 ℃ to start foraging, less than 10 ℃ to sneak into the soil for hibernation, and-5 ℃ will die. Therefore, some warm materials such as straw and chicken feathers should be put in the pond in winter and cleared in time during the foraging period of the following year, and its relative humidity should be 75% to 80%.

5. Strictly prevent poisoning within 100 meters around the pool, and strictly prohibit the placement and use of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, etc.

6. in the process of breeding, the mother soil element often eats the larvae and eggs, so when the larvae can forage on their own (refers to more than the 5th instar nymph), the mother soil element should be put into another pond in time, at the same time, the larvae should also be raised in different stages.

7. The rearing density per square meter is 1.5 kg for adults, 0.15 kg ~ 0.5 kg for 1st ~ 3rd instar nymphs, 0.6 kg ~ 1.2 kg for 4th ~ 6th instar nymphs and 0.6 kg ~ 0.9 kg for over 6 instar nymphs.

8. Feeding the young nymph mainly refers to the 1st ~ 4th instar nymph, which is small and weak, so it should be based on concentrate, and the feed can be evenly scattered on the surface of the fodder soil, then rake the soil deeply into the central soil by hand, and mix the feed into the surface layer of the soil. and pay attention to prevent escape.

9. Prevent insect pests and natural enemies

(1) ants: you can dig a ditch around the pond and fill it with water, or smear tung oil and sticky substances on the wall of the pond.

(2) mites: one is to use fried concentrate to trap and remove mites during the day; the second is to change the feeding soil; the third is chemical control, that is, 5 grams of trichlorfon, 50 grams of quicklime, 50 grams of chimney ash and 2.5 liters of hot water in each soil, after dissolving, filtering and removing dregs, evenly sprayed on the breeding soil screened out, once a day for 5 days.

(3) mice, cats, weasels, chickens, ducks, frogs, snakes and spiders are all natural enemies of Tuyuan, so measures such as iron gauze cover and sealing should be taken to prevent them.

10. Disease prevention and treatment

(1) big belly disease: the abdomen of the disease and insect expands and shines, the head becomes pointed, and the feces are sparse. Control measures: the moisture in the soil during the larval stage should not exceed 10%, the feed is dry and wet, and the humidity in the soil should be adjusted according to the growth needs of the middle worm and adult stage.