Pay attention to the feeding and management of winter and spring piglets to ensure the economic benefits of the whole year

Sows bred in autumn and winter, winter and spring is the production period, and at this time is the ice and snow cold weather, the growth and development of piglets have a greater impact. Therefore, in order to obtain the economic benefits of raising pigs throughout the year, it is the most important to do a good job in the quality feeding and management of piglets in winter and spring.

1, insulation and ventilation coexist.

The temperature of the incubation zone for newborn piglets was maintained at 32~35℃. After 1 week of age, the temperature in the incubation area began to decrease, and then decreased by 2~3℃ every week until it dropped to about 22℃ at 2 months of age. In particular, attention should be paid to controlling the environmental temperature during the period from birth to 2 weeks of age, because many pig farmers often only pay attention to heat preservation and neglect ventilation during this period, which is very unfavorable to the health of piglets. Ventilation is required to eliminate moisture, odors and heat dissipation in the birthing house.

2, artificial help to let piglets eat colostrum early.

Before delivery, the management personnel should fully understand the temperature of the delivery house to prevent the newborn piglets from catching cold. An incubator can be set up, and the temperature in the box should be adjusted at about 33℃. After birth, piglets need to immediately remove the mucosa and oral cavity mucosa, so that piglets can breathe freely. After birth, the piglets are dried and placed in a warm area, and the piglets are helped to suck colostrum. Piglets have the habit of sucking milk with fixed nipples. Artificial assistance in fixing nipples is one of the measures to strive for piglets to live and flourish. Midwifery is given when sow dystocia or delivery time is too long to reduce stillbirth and prevent crushing piglets. After the piglet leaves the birth canal, the umbilical cord will become a channel for bacteria to invade the newborn piglet. If it is not handled properly, it will cause bacterial infection. To prevent infection, the umbilical cord should be disinfected with 2% iodine after cutting. If umbilical bleeding occurs, tighten the umbilical cord with a string. At the same time, immediately dry mucus, cut umbilical cord disinfection, help piglets eat colostrum as soon as possible. Colostrum contains rich nutrients and immune antibodies, which have special physiological effects on newborn piglets.

3, do a good job of piglet foster care and litter.

When sow parturition causes lactation quantity insufficient or a litter piglet number exceeds 12, need foster care or litter. Foster care is carried out within two days after delivery. The placenta and mucosa of the sow are smeared on the foster piglets (or the sow urine is sprinkled on the piglets). At the same time, iodine is rubbed on the nose of the sow and the piglets so that the sow cannot distinguish between the self-produced and the piglets. To prevent piglets from biting each other or biting sow nipples during fighting, two pairs of canine teeth and two pairs of corner teeth can be cut off at birth, but care should be taken not to cut the tooth flesh. Tails are usually amputated on the first day of life to prevent tail biting. Usually cut off with a scalpel or sharp scissors to cut off the last three caudal vertebrae, and apply medicine to prevent infection.

4, carefully do a good job of artificial auxiliary fixed nipples.

Piglets have a special habit of eating fixed teats, in order to make the whole litter piglet growth and development evenly robust, improve survival rate, in piglet born 2~3 days, artificial auxiliary fixed teats, fixed teats is a meticulous work, should let piglet self-selection mainly, artificial control supplemented, especially to control individual good grab teats strong piglet, generally can put it aside, wait for other piglets have found a good nipple, sow milk when the alliance immediately put it on the designated teat feeding. In this way, each time when feeding, insist on artificial auxiliary fixation, after about 3 to 4 days can establish the position of feeding, fixed feeding nipples.

5. Prevention of piglet anemia.

100~150 mg of iron preparation (iron dextran) should be injected at 3~4 days of age to prevent anemia in piglets. Iron preparation should not be injected into leg meat, but should be injected into neck.

6, timely feeding food.

Piglets can be trained to feed after 3 days of age in preparation for weaning. Lysine content in starter food is 1.25~1.5, crude protein content is 20%~22%. The purpose of feeding starter is to make piglet digestive tract tolerate solid diet stimulation, produce immune tolerance, and greatly reduce diarrhea after weaning. Piglets should be castrated at 2 to 3 weeks of age, the most appropriate time is 7 to 14 days of age, using a clean, sharp surgical blade. The surgical site is disinfected with disinfectant.

7. Implement scientific weaning.

The appropriate weaning time for piglets can be determined according to the specific conditions of pigs. Large-scale pig farms have generally adopted early weaning measures, and the lactation time is 28~35 days. Generally speaking, it is best not to wean earlier than 21~28 days of age in production, so as to avoid bringing extra difficulties to piglet breeding and affecting piglet survival rate. Weaned piglets should generally weigh more than 5. 5 kg, but with reference to the cumulative feed intake during lactation, the cumulative feed intake per head should not be less than 1 kg. Weaning time is allowed to exceed 2~3 days, and the larger one in each litter is weaned first. The ambient temperature is maintained between 27 and 30℃. Weaned piglets were kept in pens according to their weight. One feed trough for every 4 - 5 piglets and one water fountain for every 20 - 25 piglets. Weaning piglets are in a strong growth and development stage, and all tissues and organs need to be further developed, and the functions need to be further improved, especially the digestive organs are more prominent. Pig milk is easily digested and absorbed by piglets, its digestibility can be as high as 100%, and the nutrients required after weaning are completely derived from feed. Milk fat, the main source of energy, is replaced by cereal starch, casein, which is completely digestible, is converted to less digestible vegetable protein, and feed contains a certain amount of crude fiber. When weaned piglets eat more feed, the protein and minerals in it are easy to combine with free hydrochloric acid in the stomach of piglets, which cannot fully inhibit the reproduction of Escherichia coli in the digestive tract and often cause diarrhea.