Breeding techniques of breeding turkeys

Breeding techniques of breeding turkeys

Individual choice

Male turkeys for breeding should choose ones with strong disease-free, tall body, strong male, lively, shiny feathers, thick and straight legs, and female turkeys with healthy disease-free, gentle temperament, straight back, wide chest and large body, and bright feathers and beards. Breeder chickens for a period of time to be replaced, purification and rejuvenation, timely elimination of bad breeds, selection of good breeds. The utilization life of female turkey is 2 years, while that of male turkey is 4 years.

Breeding and egg laying

The female turkey enters the first laying cycle from the age of 34 weeks. The laying period is from March to September every year, and about 15 eggs are hatched for every 10 li. There are 6 cycles of laying eggs per year, with a maximum of 28 eggs per cycle, with a maximum of 20 eggs per cycle. Most turkeys are natural mating, so inbreeding should be prevented. During natural mating, female turkeys are often damaged because of the great difference in body weight between male and female, which leads to low reproduction rate and economic benefits of female turkeys. Therefore, artificial insemination can be used to solve this contradiction. at the same time, the feeding proportion of breeder cocks can be increased from natural mating to 1:30, and the feeding cost can be greatly reduced.

1 semen collection: the turkey generally uses massage to collect semen. After 2 weeks of training, the turkey can form a sexual reflex, and then the sperm can be collected. During semen collection, the assistant sits on the bench and grabs a leg of the breeder rooster with both hands. The sperm collector massages rhythmically many times along the back of the turkey's wings to the tail root and to the lower sides of the cloacal cavity, and holds the left thumb and other four fingers on both sides of the cloacal cavity with the palm close to the tail feather. At the same time, massage rhythmically with the right thumb and other four fingers in the abdominal position on both sides of the cloacal cavity. When the male turkey is sexually excited and sees the degenerated copulatory erection coming out of the cloacal cavity, then use the left thumb and index finger to squeeze the turkey cloaca slightly around the cloacal cavity to hold out the semen (with a slightly yellowish-white thick liquid) and stream it into a pre-prepared semen reservoir (usually sterilized and cleaned small glass test tubes or seminal cups). The semen of the breeder turkey is 0.2 ℃ 0.3 ml each time, and the sperm concentration is about 8 billion ml per milliliter. The semen is collected once every 4 days. After semen collection, whether diluted or not, it should be stored in warm water of 35 mol / ml for temporary storage. When collecting semen, the action should not be rough, in order to avoid fecal contamination, the contaminated semen can not be used for insemination, the collected semen must be infused within 30 minutes, so as not to reduce the semen quality and affect the fertilization rate.

2 insemination: in order to ensure a higher fertilization rate, insemination should be done in the breeding turkey at 2: 00 p. M. and in a quiet and clean place to get the highest fertilization rate. The method of insemination is that the insemination device is directly inserted into the vagina. Before insemination, cut off the feathers around the cloaca with scissors and wipe them with normal saline. The inseminal assistant holds the legs and wingtips of the mother turkey with two hands, and the semen needs to be diluted, the dilution multiple is 2Mel and 3 times. The commonly used diluent is composed of normal saline or 5% rape 7% glucose or sodium glutamate 2.8g, glucose 1.8g, distilled water 1OOml. The transfusion uses a BCG syringe with a small plastic hose to fill the diluted semen into the syringe. During insemination, the insemination worker faces the tail of the turkey, the right hand pulls its tail feathers to the left, and the thumb presses gently against the lower edge of the cloacal cavity to make the cloacal cavity open, and the left hand inserts the seminal apparatus containing semen into the vagina. Female turkey insemination interval: fresh semen is generally about 14 days, diluted semen 8-10 days, each turkey input semen volume of 0.025 ml, after insemination, the mother turkey will be put back to the cage for careful feeding.

The natural mating of turkeys should be timely before the female turkeys lay eggs. During the laying period, the male turkeys should be separated and raised separately, so as not to disturb the female turkeys excessively and affect the laying of the female turkeys. At the same time, the sharp claws of the male turkey should be trimmed and smooth before breeding to avoid trampling on the female turkey and affecting the laying and nesting of the female turkey.

Hatching of eggs

1 Natural hatching: the nesting property of female turkeys is very strong. A small number of breeding turkey eggs can be naturally hatched by female turkeys or local egg-holding hens. The method is to use bamboo baskets to build nests for turkeys to hold eggs and hatch. Put grass on the inside of the basket, about 20ml, 30cm thick, then put in the eggs. The mother turkey usually holds 18 eggs in 14mura. When holding eggs, female turkeys like to be in dim light, secluded and secluded places. During the nesting period, male turkeys should be kept in isolation to prevent harassment of egg-holding hens. Each nest for 2 days should be allowed to leave the nest, feed and drink. Female turkeys should be fed less water-rich feed during the egg-holding period, and some cereal feed can be added to appropriately improve the feed diet standard. The eggs were examined and checked once at 7-8, 15 and 25 days after hatching, in order to remove azoospermic eggs and dead embryo eggs. When the eggs are hatched for 26 days, the chicks in the shell have been formed, and some of them begin to peck at the shell. In general, all the chicks can be hatched in 29 days. The mother turkey is relatively weak after holding the nest and should be fed alone for a few days in order to restore health as soon as possible.