How to improve the reproductive performance of wild boar

In the process of giving technical guidance to some farmers, most farmers reported that the reproduction rate of wild boars was too low, and some of them could only produce 3 ~ 4 wild boars in one litter, which affected the economic benefits of wild boar breeding to a certain extent. In order to solve this problem, the author explains how to improve the reproductive performance of wild boar from three aspects that affect the reproductive process of wild boar, namely, the selection, feeding and breeding of male and female wild boar. Selecting male and female wild boar is the prerequisite to improve the reproduction rate.

The appearance of the male wild boar requires a grayish black or brown red coat, thick and thin hair, small ear tip, long mouth tip, small head and abdomen, thin and high feet, straight back and sharp teeth. At the same time, it requires obvious sexual characteristics, deep and broad forequarters, exuberant sexual function, symmetrical testicular development; over 18 months of age, resistant to rough feeding, fast feeding speed, large food intake, not picky food, such male wild boar has strong breeding performance. In addition, semen can also be collected from the vulva of newly bred wild pigs for sperm quality examination. although its density is less than half of that of domestic pigs (less than 100000 per microliter), sperm motility is required to be more than 0.6.

The choice of female wild boar to raise wild boar can not be improved at the expense of meat quality (rich game) and purity. Using local sows as mother breeds, although the number of offspring can be increased, it should be noted that the purity of its offspring is not less than 25%, otherwise, its physiological and biochemical indexes will decrease. Female wild boars are required to be mated only at the age of 5 ~ 6 months and weighing 40 ~ 60 kg after birth. At the same time of considering purity, female wild boar is required to have good reproductive performance and breeding condition, beautiful face, good structure, fast eating, good spirit, strong motherhood, no less than 4 pairs of effective nipples, and good development of breasts, nipples and genitals. Postpartum wild boar is required to have no record of abortion and stillbirth. Raising male and female wild boars well is the basis of improving the reproduction rate.

Raise a good breed of boar 1. To prevent the boar from getting too fat. Male wild boar was originally a wild animal, with leaves and weeds as the staple food. 60% to 70% of the artificially raised feed should be green feed such as grass and green vegetables. On the other hand, some farmers feed boars with full-price feed, there is no limit on the amount of feed in the early growth, and the nutrition level is too high, which makes the boar too fat, making it difficult for the boar to climb or unable to breed normally. Therefore, it is necessary to restrict the feeding of male wild boars, give priority to green feed and strengthen exercise. two。 Provide balanced nutrition. Male wild boar needs more crude protein and vitamins. If its content in diet is insufficient or out of balance, it will affect the physique and semen quality of male wild boar, resulting in less and sparse semen, poor sperm development, poor motility, decreased conception rate, and even loss of breeding ability. Therefore, feed rich in high quality protein, such as fish meal, soybean meal, shrimp and silkworm pupa, should be fully supplied all the year round, and 1 ~ 2 eggs or 1 cup of milk can be supplemented during mating period, and more green feed rich in vitamins should be fed; usually, attention should be paid to the supplement of bone meal, mineral or shell powder, which has a significant effect on improving the quality of male wild boar semen. 3. Strengthen the exercise and strengthen the physique. Some farmers excessively use male wild boar or do not force male wild boar to exercise, resulting in a decline in the physique of male wild boar, resulting in dislike or rejection. For this kind of boar, we should strengthen the exercise, let it exercise for 1 hour ~ 2 hours every day, the distance can be 1.5 km ~ 3 km, which is an indispensable measure to enhance the physique of boars, ensure their exuberant sexual desire and improve sperm motility.

As the saying goes, "if you match a wild sow with 70 or 80% fat, it is easy to conceive and give birth to a high baby." Ensuring the middle and high fat condition of female wild boar is the basic condition to improve the reproduction rate. only in this way can we ensure that female wild boar can produce a large number of eggs with good quality, so as to achieve the goal of producing more and strong children. For this reason, it is necessary to adjust the abnormal female wild boar, and the thin sow should be fed properly and taken special care to make it regain fat in time; the overfat sow is easy to cause ovarian fat infiltration, affecting egg maturation and normal estrus, so it should be reduced at this time; it is also necessary to ensure the normal nutritional needs of wild boars, pay attention to the balance of nutrition proportion, and feed more green succulent feed, animal protein, minerals and vitamin additives before breeding. The female wild boar was fed with about 1 kg concentrate 10 days before mating, and the short-term preferential feeding could increase the number of ovulations, improve the quality of eggs and facilitate conception. Practice has proved that grazing before grazing can promote oestrus and egg maturation by exposing sows to sunlight, soil, fresh air and so on.

To pay attention to the breeding work is the key to improve the reproduction rate of wild boar, and to give full play to the reproductive potential of male and female wild boar. Because the sensitivity of wild boar is higher than that of ordinary domestic pig, it can only be mated by natural mating method. When the female wild boar is in estrus, the male wild boar can be mated. Mating is effective within 12 to 24 hours after estrus and allowing boars to climb down. When the wild sow is in estrus, the external genitals are obviously red and swollen, and when the external genitals change from red to dark purple, they change from swelling to slight wrinkling, or press the rear buttocks of the sows with their hands, and the best time for mating is when they stand still. The mating time of male and female wild boars is about 40 minutes, which is slightly longer than that of domestic pigs. According to experience, it is best to adopt multiple mating, that is, repeated mating once after an interval of 6 to 8 hours. When the female wild boar is suitable for mating, the male wild boar can also be driven into the female wild boar pen for 1 ~ 2 days, and the male wild boar can climb and mate many times at night, which can significantly increase the conception rate and litter number of female wild boar. The oestrus cycle of wild boar is generally 18 days, if it is no longer estrus, it is proved that it has been mating successfully; if there is estrus again, it means that it is not pregnant, it is necessary to catch missed mating in time.