Economic value and artificial breeding of Toad

Section 1 the Economic value of Toad

Toad, commonly known as toad, is not only a pastoral guard that preys on pests, but also provides people with good medicine. It is a kind of medicinal animal with high economic value. The toad venom and toad clothes collected from toads have high medical value. Toad is dried from the retroauricular glands of the toad's head (a pair of oval parts in the upper corner of the eye) and the white milk secreted by the dorsal skin glands. It is a valuable traditional medicine in China. It has the functions of strengthening heart and diuresis, excited breathing, detumescence and resuscitation, detoxification and treatment, anaesthesia and pain relief. The well-known "Liushen Pill", "Plum Blossom Dian tongue Pill", "Ji Desheng Snake Medicine" and "Toad Lisu" all contain toad venom ingredients, and there are dozens of proprietary Chinese medicines made from toad venom in China. Toad is also favored in our country. Japanese doctors believe that toad venom is the most effective external drug for the treatment of skin diseases, while North Korea is used to treat tumors with obvious results. in the pharmaceutical market at home and abroad, the demand for toad venom is increasing day by day. According to reports, the demand for toad venom is increasing day by day. According to reports, the domestic purchase volume is only half of the demand. The toad is made into a dry toad by removing the internal organs, which has the functions of detumescence and detoxification, relieving pain and diuresis, and can treat chronic tracheitis, edema, adverse urination and other diseases. In addition, in recent years, it has been found that toad has a certain anticancer effect. Toad clothes are naturally peeled off from toads, which have the effects of clearing heat and detoxification, reducing swelling and pain, sedation, diuresis, aphrodisiac and anti-cold pathogens. Artificial breeding of toads is a new breeding industry with low cost, low cost, high efficiency, simple technology and easy to master.

Section II Biological characteristics

Represented by the Chinese toad, alias "epileptic blister", amphibian, Bufonidae. Toads are large and sturdy, with a body length of about 95 mm for males and 105 mm for females, and more than 120 mm for females; the head width is greater than the head length, the snout end is round and high, and the distance between the edentulous eyes in the mouth is larger than the nose spacing; the forelegs are long and stout, and the hind legs are thick and short; the skin on the back is rough and the color varies greatly, mostly gray-green, black-brown or reddish green; there is a dark plaque in the ventral back and crotch. The three fingers of the male toad's medial forelimb have black wedding thorns and no vocal sac. The toad has a pair of protruding retroauricular glands on both sides of its head, which are arranged in a "eight-shaped" shape. The gland can secrete white serous, that is, "toad venom".

Chinese toad is distributed all over the north and south of China, in the hilly area and Pingba area with an altitude of less than 1000 meters. Except for the reproductive season, it is often hidden under rocks, grass or soil caves during the daytime. Dusk is often found by roadsides, fields or grasslands, river rocks, ponds, ditches and homes, especially when they go out after rain. Toads feed on small animals, such as snails, slugs, mosquitoes, ants, locusts, katydids and crickets. A kind of black orbital toad which can nibble up white ants is distributed in South and Southwest China. Toad body clumsy, stumbling, often crawling, not good at swimming and jumping, because the hind legs are short, can only do a small distance, generally not more than 20 cm jump. In October, most toads spend the winter in underwater weeds, thin mud or soil holes. Toad is a cold-blooded animal, the length of its hibernation period varies with the difference of temperature in different places. In vitro fertilization was performed and oviposition was carried out. After the sting, the toad enters the water and begins to hug and lay eggs. The spawning season varies from place to place. In North China and Inner Mongolia, they often spawn in April-May, while in Chengdu Plain, they spawn in January-February. The time of male and female hugging is generally 9-12 hours, some as long as 24 hours. The eggs are arranged in the tubular glial egg band, which is about 10 meters long and about 5000 eggs; the eggs are small, 1.5mm in diameter, extremely black in animals and very dark brown in plants. The tadpole has a black body and a weak and thin caudal fin. It takes about 60 days to fertilize an egg to become a young toad. The young toad lives on land and grows into a young toad. The body length is about 10-13 mm.

Toads do not have high requirements for habitat environment, and are easy to be raised and propagated artificially.

Section III feeding and breeding

First, choose the site

Breeding sites should be selected in ponds and ponds, where insect sources are relatively rich and the temperature is relatively warm. Generally before and after the house, waste ditches, waste ponds or puddles can be used, or rice fields with convenient drainage and irrigation, adequate water sources and good water conservation can be used as breeding farms. The farm should use brick to build a 1.5-meter-high fence, can also use film or screen as a fence, but also can be made of wire or hills to prevent toads from escaping. The plastic screen should be used as a sluice at the entrance of the rice field to block the escape of the overcast tadpoles.

2. Introduction

When the breeding amount is very small, the species of toad mainly depends on catching. Most adult toads leave their hibernation caves at the end of March or early on the 4th and slowly climb out of the water. Toads like warm, dark and humid environments, and usually live in grass and soil holes on the edge of ditches during the day, or dark and damp places such as bricks and stone holes at the back of the house, which are generally difficult to find. On rainy days or after rain, it is often easy to catch on the open land by the river or by the pastoral path. During the spring ploughing season, there are more toads in rape fields, green manure fields and on the paths of seedling fields, which can be caught in large numbers. The best time to catch toads is on a warm, windy night. Every evening, about two hours after dark until dawn the next day, toads come out to hunt insects and can catch toads at any time. At this time, the largest number of toads is in the open space in front of the house and behind the house, especially in the middle of the night. Sometimes dozens to hundreds of jin of toads can be caught in a few hours.