Culture technique of spoon-nosed Sturgeon

Duck-billed fish scientific name: American spoon-nosed Sturgeon (also known as duck-billed Sturgeon) English name: Polyodonspathala spoon-kissed Sturgeon, scientific name "American spoon-nosed Sturgeon" originated in the Mississippi River Basin in the United States, is a large freshwater economic fish, belonging to the Sturgeon family Sturgeon. It is a rare Sturgeon that has lived on the earth since 300 million years ago (that is, the dinosaur period). It is one of only two species of Acipenser in the world. It belongs to the Sturgeon family Sturgeon of the order Sturgeon, together with the Chinese Sturgeon and the White Sturgeon in the Yangtze River.

Spoon Sturgeon is a cartilaginous fish, the body surface is exposed, Ze run is scaleless, the kiss is spoon-shaped, shaped like a duck's bill, so it is also known as the duck-billed Sturgeon. Its snout is very long, flat, such as pulp; the body surface is smooth and scaleless, the back is black-blue-gray, and there are often some spots among them; the side of the body is a little ochre, the abdomen is white; the mouth is small and the forehead is higher than the mouth; the Gill rake is dense and slender, the Gill cover bone is large and extends back to the ventral fin, the caudal fin bifurcates, and the caudal stalk is covered with pedicel-shaped nail scales. The spoon-nosed Sturgeon is larger and has a life span of more than 30 years. The gonads of the spoon-nosed Sturgeon mature relatively late, and the sexual maturity is generally over 8 years old. The feeding habit of spoon-nosed Sturgeon is similar to that of bighead carp in China. It feeds on zooplankton and is a filter-feeding fish. Therefore, no matter in the stage of seedling cultivation or adult fish culture, the pond water must contain a large number of zooplankton such as flexopod and Cladocera, in order to ensure that there is sufficient natural bait for its feeding.

Life habits

Spoon-nosed Sturgeon has strong adaptability, rapid growth, gentle temperament and short food chain. It is the only fish that feeds on zooplankton among all Sturgeon. Its bait comes from a wide range of sources, and is easy to raise and catch, so it is suitable for aquaculture in reservoirs, lakes and ponds.

The feeding habits of spoon-nosed Sturgeon are similar to those of silver carp (that is, bighead carp, which is called different names in different places, and some are also called big-headed fish). It is a kind of filter-feeding fish, which mainly feeds on zooplankton and cladocera, especially water fleas, and occasionally eats small aquatic insects such as Chironomus larvae. The spoon-nosed Sturgeon, which is less than 12 cm long, can nibble away at zooplankton one by one, as well as small fish and shrimps; when the fish is more than 12 cm long, its feeding organs are well developed and converted to filter feeding, which can catch fast swimming copepods. As the spoon-nosed Sturgeon grows up, it also eats pellet feed. In the juvenile fish stage, because of its long kiss and peculiar shape, when eating commodity with pellet feed, the abdomen is upward, the action is unique and lovely, and it has high ornamental value, so it can be raised as a kind of high-grade ornamental fish.

Adult fish value

Adult fish is high-protein and low-fat meat with more spines and less spines, fine taste and fresh taste. The processing of fish eggs into caviar is called "black gold nuggets", therefore, it has a high edible value. In addition, spoon-kissed Sturgeon has high medicinal value. Modern medical research shows that the anticancer factor (bioactive component-chondroitin sulfate) contained in its cartilage and spinal cartilage has a certain anti-cancer and enhanced immune effect. Edible spoon Sturgeon has the functions of prolonging life, nourishing yin and yang, strengthening the body, benefiting brain and eyesight, clearing heat and detoxification, etc., as well as treating low back pain, stomach disease and hair loss.

Feeding method

1. Pond mixed culture

Each mu of water surface is matched with 80 ~ 100 species of spoon-nosed Sturgeon in the size of 8 cm ~ 10 cm. Bighead carp are not allowed in mixed ponds because spoon Sturgeon and bighead carp have the same diet. In the case of not increasing the amount of bait, the individual size of spoon-nosed Sturgeon is more than 1 kg in that year, and the economic benefit is considerable.

two。 Pond main culture

500 ~ 800 species of spoon-nosed Sturgeon in the size of 8 cm ~ 10 cm per mu of water surface. With 80 silver carp and 50 crucian carp, no other fish. Mainly to feed. At that time, the size of spoon Sturgeon was more than 1 kilogram.

3. Cage culture in reservoir

The net cage of 20 square meters puts 500 ~ 800 Sturgeon fingerlings of 10 cm ~ 15 cm at one time. Mainly to throw feed. The specification of fish in that year was more than 1 kilogram.