Planting techniques of ornamental and Medicinal Radix Paeoniae Alba

1. Land selection and preparation

Choose loam or sandy loam with good drainage and deep and fertile soil layer. Previous crops such as corn, wheat, legumes and sweet potatoes are better. Before planting, intensive ploughing is required, with a depth of 25ml / 30cm, ploughing for 1m / m twice, combined with 2500m / mu of stable manure or compost as base fertilizer, raked flat and made into a 1.3-meter high border. If Rain Water has too much land with poor drainage, the width of the border can be about 1 meter, and the ditch between the borders is 40 centimeters wide and 20 centimeters deep. The existing young trees, orchards, barren hills, slopes, fields and both sides of the road can be cultivated, especially the open spaces on both sides of the road and tourist attractions, villas, farms, etc., after planting peony, the flowers are colorful and fragrant, very charming, not only play a better role in beautifying the environment, but also achieved considerable economic benefits, it is really killing two birds with one stone.

2. Select varieties

2.1. Screening varieties: in recent years, according to the growth characteristics and use needs of Radix Paeoniae Alba, two series of strains of Paeonia lactiflora were selected from the main producing areas of Heze, Shandong Province. (1) the medicinal varieties have high yield and good quality, and the main varieties are "unparalleled national flag", "flower Wuzhong", "Xiangyanghong" and so on. (2) ornamental varieties have large flowers, full color and long flowering period. the main varieties are "Da Fu Gui", "Hongyan Zhengguang", "thousand layers of Paeonia lactiflora" and so on.

2.2, seedling cultivation: in the field where Radix Paeoniae Alba grows, select a single plant that is three years old, robust, non-degraded, pure variety and disease-free; after the seeds are mature in autumn, the seedlings are sowed and raised in the shade; the seedlings of Radix Paeoniae Alba can be cultivated after two years of cultivation with a ground diameter of more than 0.8 cm.

2.3. Seed bud cultivation: after harvesting Radix Paeoniae Alba, cut off the medicinal rhizome, select the bud head without disease and full bud head as propagation material, cut the bud head of peony into several pieces according to its natural growth shape, each bud is 2rel 3, the thickness of bud meat is more than 2 cm, and the bud head is best planted with cutting. If it cannot be planted in time, it should be stored temporarily. Choose a cool, dry and ventilated place, spread the wet fine sand on the ground, stack the bud head up, and then cover the wet sand for storage. Or dig a hole for storage and pay attention to drainage when it rains to avoid mildew and rot.

3. Cultivation time

The most suitable planting time in North China is from September to November. In the south and higher temperature areas, it can be planted before freezing. The bud head of Paeonia lactiflora has produced new roots, which is easy to break when planting, affecting the growth in the coming year.

4. Planting method

4.1. Cultivation of seedlings: on the finished border surface, one white peony seedling is cultivated in each hole according to the row spacing of 50 cm and plant spacing of 35 cm. The cultivation depth is that the lower roots of the seedlings are expanded, the upper buds are flat with the ground, the soil is compacted, and the soil pile is 10 cm high in the center of the seedlings. Pat the soil with your hands. 4000 seedlings of Radix Paeoniae Alba were cultivated per mu.

4.2, cultivation of buds: separate the size of the sprouts of cut paeony and plant them separately, so that they can emerge neatly and facilitate management. On the prepared land, according to the row spacing of 50 × 30 cm, holes were planted, 2 buds were planted in each hole, the planting depth was 4 Mel 5 cm, 4500 trees were planted per mu, and the mature soil was covered with human manure, and the soil was piled into a steamed bun to facilitate overwintering.

5. Field management

5.1, pile up the seedlings: in March after the Spring Festival, after the soil is thawed, before the peony buds germinate, remove the steamed bun-shaped mound and slightly expose the buds or there is 1 cm of soil on the buds. Be careful not to touch the buds when picking the soil and releasing the seedlings.

5.2. Ploughing and loosening the soil: after emergence, the seedlings should be ploughed and weeded 3 times a year, and the middle ploughing should be shallow, so as not to hurt the roots and die the seedlings. In late October, before the ground freezes, the branches and leaves are cut off at 7mur10 cm from the ground, and the soil is cultivated in the rhizosphere to survive the winter. The method of "splitting ridges and brightening roots" is often used in the cultivation of Radix Paeoniae Alba in Heze, that is, in the first ten days of May of the second year after planting, the soil around the peony plant is gently plucked away so that the roots are slightly exposed, dry for 5 years for 7 days, and then cultivate the soil to support the roots, which can increase the soil temperature, kill insects and sterilize, and achieve the effect of increasing production, but the drying time should not be too long.

5.3, topdressing, drainage and irrigation: from the second year, topdressing fertilizer three times a year, the first time from March to the first ten days of April, topdressing relatively light human feces and urine; the second time applying 500 kg human feces and urine per mu in late May; and the third time from October to November, mainly ring fertilizer, 1500 kg per mu. In the last ten days of March, 750kg of human feces and urine, 50kg of rotten cake fertilizer and 25kg of superphosphate were applied per mu in late March, 1000 kg of human feces and urine per mu in late April, and 1500000kg of stable fertilizer in November. Topdressing twice before harvest in the fourth year, applying 1000 kg of human feces and urine, adding 10 kg of ammonium sulfate and 25 kg of superphosphate per mu in late March, and applying again according to the above amount of fertilizer in late April. Each fertilization is suitable for opening holes on both sides of the plant. Paeonia lactiflora likes drought and is afraid of waterlogging. Generally, it does not need irrigation. When there is a serious drought, it is appropriate to pour water through in the evening. In rainy season, clear ditches and drain in time to reduce root diseases.

6. Harvesting and processing

6.1. Harvest time: Radix Paeoniae Alba was harvested 3-4 years after planting. The harvest season is from June to early July in Zhejiang, in August in Anhui and Sichuan, and from September to October in Shandong. The starch in the root is consumed and transformed too late, which is not solid after drying and the texture is light. Choose a sunny day, cut off the stems and leaves and dig out the whole root. In addition to leaving the bud head as seed, cut off the root of peony and process it for medicinal purposes.

6.2. processing method: separate the peony root by big and small, soak the peony root in boiling water for 15 minutes, turn it frequently when hot, wait for the peony root epidermis to turn white, have no heart, when there is aroma, quickly pick it up and soak it in cold water, then take out and scrape off the skin, cut both ends and dry separately according to thickness. It can also be shaved off and boiled and dried in the sun. Basking peony is an important part of processing. If the sun is too fierce, the wet surface is dry and cracked outside and inside, and it is easy to mildew and deteriorate. It usually comes out in the sun in the morning, dries for 3 hours at noon, and comes out again after 3pm. It is collected into the pile in the evening and covered with sacks or straw mats, so that the moisture in the root of peony seeps out again the next day, so repeatedly, until it is dry inside and outside, it is sold as a commodity.

Li Hongjun, Runkang Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Heze City, Shandong Province

Tel: 0530-3978801 15152487919 (Jiangsu Base)

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