Summary of Pond Culture Model of Tilapia in Gaoyao City, Guangdong Province

Both the polyculture mode of one crop a year and the intensive culture mode of three crops a year and two crops a year have their own advantages. However, the latter two models will become more common as the quality requirements for aquatic products become higher and higher.

□ Wen/Yan Wenhao, Zhang Bojie, Aquatic Product Technology Extension Center, Gaoyao City

Guangdong Province is the largest tilapia breeding province in China, and its output accounts for about 50% of the total tilapia output in China. Gaoyao City is an important base for tilapia production, processing and export in Guangdong Province. Its tilapia breeding scale, output and benefit rank among the top in Guangdong Province, initially forming a tilapia industry chain including tilapia seedling production, adult fish breeding, processing and export, feed supply system, fish medicine management, technical supporting services, etc. In 2009, the cultivation area of tilapia was 102,000 mu, the output was 82,000 tons, and the output value was 770 million yuan, accounting for 52% of the total output of aquatic products in the whole city, of which the processing volume reached 55,000 tons, and the export value reached 46 million US dollars. The export volume and export value accounted for 12% of the whole country and 20% of Guangdong respectively.

Tilapia has become the dominant aquatic products of Gaoyao, and tilapia breeding has become one of the important ways for the majority of Gaoyao farmers to increase their income. Pond culture of tilapia is the main mode of tilapia culture. The author summarizes the typical pond culture mode of tilapia in Gaoyao City and obtains three tilapia culture modes with high characteristics. The following are introduced:

1. One crop a year

The polyculture mode of one crop a year is the traditional culture mode of fish culture in high-important ponds. According to the habitat habits, feeding habits and other biological characteristics of different fish, fish of different species or different specifications (ages) of the same species are stocked in the same pond, so as to make full use of the water space and the production potential of different fish ecological habits, so as to improve the yield per unit area and reduce the production cost. The fry of mixed culture varieties are put in April and May every year, and the bighead carp and grass carp that reach the market specifications are caught in October, and then the fry are correspondingly put in; the compound feed is fed, and the feeding amount is 2-4% of the total weight of the fish every day, and a 1.5kw impeller type aerator is provided for every 4-5 mu of water surface. Table 1 is an example of the polyculture model of tilapia tilapia one crop a year.

2. Three crops in two years

The breeding mode of three crops in two years is the intensive breeding mode of tilapia, which adopts the method of close breeding in the early stage and gradually thinning breeding, and requires at least three ponds to match. Feeding compound feed in the whole breeding process has strong controllability and product quality is guaranteed. Daily feeding amount is 2-5% of fish weight, and every 4-5 mu of water surface is equipped with a 1.5kw impeller aerator. Table 2 is an example of a single crop per year polyculture model for tilapia.

3. Two crops a year

The breeding mode of raising two crops a year is large-sized tilapia breeding, with a small amount of four major domestic fish. The first crop of tilapia was planted in early April, 50g/fish, 800 fish/mu. Feeding compound feed, feeding 4 months, each fish up to about 500g, all caught from the market. Then stock the second crop of fry, the size of the fry is 50g/tail, and the stocking amount is 1000 tail/mu. In March of the following year, the average weight of each tail is about 500g, and the whole pond is caught. Feeding compound feed in the whole breeding process, feeding amount is 2-5% of fish weight every day, regulating water quality regularly, strong controllability, product quality is guaranteed. Every 4-5 mu of water surface is equipped with a 1.5kw impeller aerator. Table 3 is an example of a two-crop model for tilapia.

To sum up, the three cultivation models of tilapia have their own advantages. One crop a year is a traditional three-dimensional breeding mode, because the product quality can not be guaranteed, low profits, gradually reduced in recent years; two crops a year and three crops a year for large-scale tilapia mixed breeding mode, not affected by livestock manure, breeding process diseases are relatively reduced, improve the quality of products, and the total output and total output value are higher, while the input cost is high, requiring superior breeding geographical conditions, farmers have strong breeding technology. By comparing and analyzing three cultivation models of three kinds of tilapia in pond, the cultivation model of tilapia is gradually turning to two crops a year and three crops a year with the improvement of aquatic product quality and farmer cultivation technology.

Table 1 The stocking mode of tilapia as main domestic fish in a year

kinds

stocking

harvest

Time (months)

specifications

Quantity (tail/mu)

Time (months)

Specifications (kg/tail)

Weight (kg/mu)

tilapia

5

4-5cm/tail

1000

10

Weight up to 0.5-0.7kg/tail minute three times marketed

630

11

April of the following year

grass carp

5

250g/tail

80

10

1.5

224

10

80

April of the following year

1.5

bighead carp

5

250g/tail

50

10

1.25

130

10

250g/tail

50

April of the following year

1.25

silver carp

5

5 inches/tail

20

11

1

21

April of the following year

1.2

herring

5

250-500g/tail

10

April of the following year

5.25

47.3

Channa maculata

7

5 cm/tail

150

April of the following year

0.5

7.5

Clarias catfish

5

5 cm/tail

150

April of the following year

0.15

5

crucian carp

4

5cm/tail

150

April of the following year

0.4

36

carp

5

5cm/tail

20

April of the following year

0.9

16.2

total

1117

Table 2 stocking patterns of tilapia for three crops in two years

Project

Release seedlings

Harvest

time

(month)

Specifications

(G / tail)

Quantity

(tail / mu)

time

(month)

Specifications

(G / tail)

Quantity

(tail / mu)

Weight

(kg/ mu)

The first crop

Tilapia

5-6

2-3cm/ tail

20000

6-7

ten

Grow to the end of 10g/ and raise in ponds

6-7

ten

4000

nine

one hundred and fifty

Grow to the end of 150g/ and raise in ponds

nine

one hundred and fifty

1500

twelve

500-700

1470

nine hundred

Bighead carp

nine

5-6 inches / tail

fifty-five

twelve

1500

fifty

seventy-five

The second crop

Tilapia

ten

2-3cm/ tail

10000

three

one hundred and fifty

Grow to the end of 150g/ and raise in ponds

three

one hundred and fifty

1500

twelve

500-700

1470

nine hundred

The third crop

Tilapia

four

2-3cm/ tail

2000

11-12

500-700

1400

nine hundred

Total of three crops

2775

Average annual yield per mu

1387.5

Table 3 two-crop stocking mode of domestic fish mixed with tilapia in one year

Kinds

Stocking

Harvest

time

(month)

Specifications

Quantity

(tail / mu)

time

(month)

Specifications

(tail of kg/)

Weight

(kg/ mu)

Tilapia

four

50g/ tail

eight hundred

eight

0.5-0.8

four hundred and eighty

eight

50g/ tail

one thousand

March of the following year

six hundred and fifty

Grass carp

four

300g/ tail

eighty

eight

1.5

two hundred and forty

eight

eighty

March of the following year

1.5

Bighead carp

four

250g/ tail

fifty

eight

1.3

one hundred and forty

eight

250g/ tail

fifty

March of the following year

1.5

Silver carp

four

150g/ tail

thirty

eight

one

eighty

eight

150g/ tail

forty

March of the following year

1.25

Crucian carp

four

5cm/ tail

one hundred and fifty

March of the following year

0.5

sixty

Common carp

five

5cm/ tail

twenty

March of the following year

0.8

fifteen

Total

1665

Table 4 comparison of three culture modes

Compare

Mode.

Average annual total output

(kg/ mu)

Technical requirements

Advantages

Shortcoming

Pond condition

One crop a year

1117

The culture method of traditional pond fish culture

Cost saving, easy operation and low pond conditions

There are many diseases and difficult to prevent and treat, the output is low, and the quality of products can not be guaranteed.

Ordinary pond

Three crops in two years

1387.5

Control the steps of rough separation of fish fry into ponds and fish collection, and do a good job in water quality control.

The utilization rate of pond is high, the output is high, the disease is few, and the product quality is guaranteed.

With the increase of feed cost, the workload of fish fry in ponds is increased, and the water quality is easy to get worse.

There are at least three ponds, easy drainage and irrigation, good water source, pond standard

Two crops a year

1665

Large amount of feed, high requirements for details such as water quality regulation.

Large specification, high output, guaranteed product quality, few diseases, easy to prevent and control

The cost of feed is high and the risk of breeding is increased.

Easy drainage and irrigation, good water source, pond standard