Introduction to hatching techniques and methods of quail

Quails have strong disease resistance and low feed consumption. the average egg weight of quails is 12 grams to 13 grams at the age of 40 days, and the average weight of adult quails is about 150 grams. The average annual egg laying rate is 85% Mutham 90%. It has the advantages of low feed cost, small footprint, quick effect, easy management and easy feeding. The feed consumption of each adult quail is 4 yuan, and the feeding efficiency is high. Under the condition of caging, 1000 quails can be raised for every 3 square meters (calculated in six-story cages). They lay eggs at the age of 40 days, with an average of about 20 jin of eggs per day, 850 UV 900 eggs per day, and a profit of about 25 yuan a day.

Introduction to hatching techniques and methods of quail

1. Artificial hatching technology of quail

Artificial hatching of quails is an important link in the quail breeding industry. In addition, quails have lost their clinging nature, so they must be hatched artificially in order to reproduce and produce.

The artificial incubator of quail eggs includes electric incubator, warm water incubator, electric mattress, oil lamp incubator and so on, so the hatching technology is also different.

Mechanical egg turning electric incubator

In addition to automatic temperature control, the box is also equipped with a fan and an egg turning device, which makes the air in the box fresh and the egg turning operation easy.

The box body is made of two layers, and the two walls are filled with thermal insulation material, and the size is determined according to the amount of eggs hatched. Generally, a 90cm × 90cm × 120cm incubator can hatch 5000 quail eggs. A 10 cm × 10 cm square vent is opened in the middle of the top of the box. The fan is installed on both sides of the box, two bearings are installed on the supporting plate of the egg tray, the fan shaft passes through the egg rack, one end protrudes out of the box, and is equipped with a deceleration pulley (big wheel), which is driven by the motor of a 45 watt motor or a 30 cm electric fan. the speed of the fan is 80 ~ 100 revolutions per minute, and each fan has 6 blades, 60 centimeters in diameter and 3 centimeters wide. The egg turning rack is made of wooden slats, the sides are quadrilateral, an iron pipe is arranged in the middle to let the fan shaft pass through it, and the iron pipe is placed on the bearing seat, which can make the egg turning rack rotate 45 degrees around the iron pipe to achieve the purpose of turning eggs. The egg tray bracket is installed on the inside of the egg rack, and the distance between each bracket is 10 cm. The egg plate is nailed into a frame with 4cm × 1cm lath, and the frame is covered with 2 layers of wire to hold the quail eggs so that the eggs will not roll or fall out of the egg plate when the egg rack rotates. The automatic temperature controller is composed of transistor relay control circuit, conductive meter (mercury contact thermometer) and electric heater (four groups of 150 watt electric furnace wires, respectively installed on opposite corners on both sides of the box), or better controlled by thermistor temperature controller.

After the incubator is made, by moving the position of the electric heater, the temperature difference of each egg plate is less than 1 ℃, and the diameter of the water plate is adjusted to make the relative humidity at 50% to 70%. After 10 days of incubation, the incubation temperature (as indicated by the thermometer) was 38 ℃, and then decreased by 0.3 ℃ ~ 0.5 ℃. Change the position of the egg rack every 2 to 3 hours during the day, fix it with a metal hook, and turn the egg again before going to bed at night. Three days before coming out of the shell, put the eggs out of the plate, stop turning the eggs, and spray warm water once a day with a sprayer.

Kerosene lamp incubator incubator

The kerosene lamp incubator has the advantages of simple structure, no power outage, high hatching rate and easy operation, which is convenient for popularization in rural areas or for laid-off workers to use.

The structure uses wood to make an incubator with a length of 200 cm and a width of 100 cm. The wall of the box is 7 cm thick. The hollow space of the box wall is filled with shackle stone powder or foam particles. The box is made into a 3-layer wooden lattice to keep the egg plate tilted 40 degrees, and the top of the box can be replaced by quilts. There should be two doors on the front of the box for ventilation and hatching. There are two iron pipes with a diameter of 3 centimeters at each end of the box 15 centimeters above the ground, and a kerosene lamp is placed at the mouth of each pipe. The four iron pipes cross obliquely in the box from the opposite side, and a section of chimney is set up after getting out. The temperature in the incubator is maintained by the heat emitted by these four iron pipes.

The operation can adjust the temperature in the box by adjusting the firepower of the kerosene lamp. A water tray should be set at the bottom of the incubator to adjust the humidity in the incubator. Adjust the temperature before hatching, and then hatch. Check and adjust the temperature 4 ~ 6 times a day and turn the eggs 6 ~ 8 times by hand. The temperature in the incubator is about 20 ℃. Pay attention to humidity and ventilation in the later stage of incubation. Kerosene lamps can hatch 3000 quail eggs at a time, and only need about 2.5kg kerosene. As long as we master the heat well, we can also achieve a high hatching rate and save money compared with the electric incubator, but we should observe and adjust frequently and prevent fire.

Light bulb flat incubator

There are 1 15-watt and 25-watt electric light bulb each, 1 carton each (4 cm ~ 6 cm around the large set), several kilograms of sawdust (or grain husk), 1 piece of gauze, gunny bag and thin quilt, 1 dry and wet bulb thermometer, 1 cup or bowl about 6 cm in diameter, and 1.5 cm ~ 2 cm in diameter. Because there is no temperature control equipment, it is difficult to adjust the temperature (for example, adding a mercury conductive meter or using a thermistor temperature meter), you can use experience by covering sacks or thin quilts (depending on the outdoor air temperature). Or increase or decrease the number of bulbs to adjust the temperature. The voltage is slightly higher in the middle of the night, so you should pay attention to avoid overheating in the incubator.

Hot water heating incubator

The utility model is composed of a box, an egg plate, a thermos bottle, etc. The box is made of large and small cartons stacked together and filled with thermal insulation materials (such as cotton, grain husks, sawdust, etc.) between the two boxes. Three or four glass bottles filled with hot water are placed horizontally in the box as heat source, wet towels are covered on the bottles, and 4 ~ 6 small square wooden strips are stacked on both sides to adjust the distance between the egg plate and the thermos bottle, so that the temperature in the egg plate is stable at a certain value, and the egg plate is covered with some thin cotton pads or towels to keep warm. The incubator with a general volume of 0.3 cubic meters can be used to hatch 60 ~ 100 quail eggs. Just add hot water, the water temperature is higher, often more than 40 ℃, then you should put some of the cover on the egg plate on the thermos bottle to insulate, so as not to make the temperature in the egg plate too high. About an hour later, as the water temperature drops more, the covering should be removed from the thermos bottle and returned to the egg plate, and the number of wood strips should be gradually reduced to make the egg plate slowly approach to the thermos bottle to keep the temperature stable. The hot water in the thermos bottle is changed every 4 to 6 hours, which can be done at the same time when turning the egg and adjusting the position of the egg plate. Stop turning eggs at 15 days and enter the hatching stage.