Cultivation techniques of Gastrodia elata

Gastrodia elata, also known as Red Arrow, Gastrodia elata, is a perennial herbaceous parasitic plant of Orchidaceae. It is suitable to grow at high altitude, cool and humid summer, cold snow in winter, luxuriant forest trees, thick litter layer, large humus coverage, loose surface soil and good water conservancy.

Biological characteristics: Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea symbiosis, no seedlings and no roots, underground only fleshy tubers are oval. Arrow hemp with red mixed buds at the top, white-headed buds without obvious terminal buds (used for seed production), and rice hemp.

1. Topography selection: the suitable planting area of Gastrodia elata in our county is 1000Mel 1800m above sea level, and can be planted in both Yinshan and Yangshan gentle slope areas. High altitude, low temperature, high humidity, slow growth of Gastrodia elata. Low altitude and hot summer have obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea.

2. Climatic conditions:

① temperature is the primary factor affecting the growth of Gastrodia elata. Gastrodia elata likes to grow in cool summer and not very cold in winter. When the air temperature rises in spring and the ground temperature reaches about 12 ℃, the dormant Gastrodia elata in winter begins to sprout. When the ground temperature is above 15 ℃, the growth becomes exuberant gradually, and 20-25 ℃ is the exuberant period for the growth of Gastrodia elata. When the growth of Armillaria mellea was more than 30 ℃, the growth of Armillaria mellea was inhibited. When the early winter was less than 15 ℃, Gastrodia elata stopped growing and went into hibernation.

② humidity: Gastrodia elata is suitable for the growth of Gastrodia elata in areas with annual rainfall of about 1000 mm, relative humidity of about 80%, and rainy and humid climate from June to August. If the rain is not clear for a long time, Gastrodia elata is harmed by Armillaria mellea, which is easy to cause Gastrodia elata rot. Therefore, flood prevention is more important than drought resistance.

③ vegetation selection: Gastrodia elata is suitable for growing in mixed forest or coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in mountain area. Symbiotic plants are bamboo, green bar, chestnut, water wax gourd, wild cherry, birch, gallnut and other tree species as well as ferns, bryophytes and so on. Old? Gastrodia elata is the best source of nutrients after the breeding of Armillaria mellea, as well as litter, fallen leaves and bark debris. At the same time, these vegetation create good soil conditions and shady and moist ecological environment for the symbiosis of Armillaria elata, which is beneficial to the growth of Gastrodia elata, but in the year of long drought, the soil moisture in the forest is absorbed by the dense tree roots, so we should pay attention to artificial watering.

3. Cultivation methods

① fungus co-planting method: transport the fungus inoculated with Armillaria mellea to the selected cultivation site, loosen the surface soil layer, flatten the bottom layer of humus soil (about 30 cm deep), sprinkle a layer of litter on it, discharge the fungus material along the slope in the pit, the distance between the two fungus materials is about 3 cm, after the fungus material is discharged, fill it with fillings such as rotten soil broken branches and leaves, when half of the fungus material is buried, fill the soil between the gap. The seed hemp is placed in the space on both sides of the fungus material, and each seed hemp is about 10-15 cm apart. Because the fungal cord is dense at both ends of the fungus material, one is placed at each end of the fungus material. Then sprinkle the leaf decaying soil to flat, then plant the second layer sequentially, cover 6-10 cm decaying soil after planting, cover with withered leaves and weeds, and dig the upper drainage ditch.

② fungus material adding new material cultivation method: the previous procedure of this method is the same as the previous method. When the fungus material is discharged in the pit, one fungus and one fresh wood are placed smoothly, and after the rotten soil fills the gap, Gastrodia elata seeds are placed next to the fungus with Armillaria mellea, and other methods are the same as the companion planting method. When Armillaria mellea on the fungus established a nutritional relationship with the seed hemp, Armillaria also parasitized fresh wood at the same time. When the nutrition of the original fungus is exhausted, the new material can provide nourishment for Armillaria mellea, thus ensuring the growth of Gastrodia elata.

4. Management after cultivation:

① drought prevention: sufficient soil moisture is needed for Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea to grow and reproduce. When there is a long drought and insufficient soil moisture, it should be watered in time and covered with grass to moisturize. Drought will cause a large number of new buds of Gastrodia elata to die.

② waterlogging prevention: too much Rain Water, soil consolidation, poor air permeability, will lead to Armillaria mellea anoxic death and Gastrodia elata tuber rot.

③ prevention: prevent human and animal trampling and rats,? The harm of ants, diseases and insects, but the use of medicine should see the instructions, do not harm the reproduction and growth of Armillaria mellea.