High quality and efficient cultivation techniques of plastic casing in Chinese Yam

The common way of planting Chinese yam is prone to hairy, rough epidermis, bending and bifurcation and other phenomena, which seriously affect the yield and commerciality of Chinese yam. The cultivation of Chinese yam with plastic casing can not only solve the above problems and improve the commerciality of Chinese yam, but also greatly reduce the number of damaged yam. At the same time, it has the advantages of high output, good quality, labor and time saving, convenient harvest, multiple use of one investment and so on. The main cultivation techniques are as follows:

I. Variety selection

The long columnar yam varieties with high yield, disease resistance, excellent shape and epidermis were selected, and the tuber length was more than 1m. The commonly used varieties are: fine hair long yam, Jiaxiang long yam, Peixian magistrate yam and so on.

Second, preparation before planting

1. The yam is cultivated in the sandy soil where the soil layer is deep and fertile and the groundwater level is below 1m.

2. To process the plastic casing, choose the hard plastic pipe with inner diameter 6~7cm, grow a 1m segment with a hand saw, and cut the pipe longitudinally (divide the pipe into two halves), then cut the end of the plastic pipe obliquely to the port 20cm, and cut the end into a horseshoe shape. Then from the other end of the plastic pipe to the middle part, drill holes with hand drill or electric drill, hole diameter is 1cm, spacing 3cm, each row of 6 holes, a total of 4 rows. The processed plastic casing can be used for 6 to 8a.

3. Digging trench casing is generally after soil thawing in April, digging yam ditch, wide 30~40cm, deep 50~60cm, spacing 60cm. When digging, the soil should be collected in layers for backfilling. Fill the bottom of the ditch, put the plastic casing evenly according to the 30cm spacing, so that one end of the cut is up, and then fill the soil layer 15cm thick, while standing firm, while arranging the plastic casing into a row according to the angle of 60 °, the upper end is flat. Then backfill the soil layer 10~15cm, fill in half of the ripe soil (do not step on it), then apply fully mature high-quality organic fertilizer 4000kg to each 667m2, mix the applied organic fertilizer and soil, and then fill the yam ditch with ripe soil.

4. Make a flat border every 2 rows of yam, with a width of 1.4-1.5 m. Before making the border, the fully mature high-quality organic fertilizer 2000kg was applied to each 667m2, and the surface of the border was leveled after turning deeply. Make marks on both ends of the border and on the line of the plastic casing in order to find the plastic casing when sowing.

3. Preparation of seed potato

In the preparation of seed potato of Chinese yam, we first use yam bean to prepare seed potato, and then use yam segments as seed potato for about 3 years, which can effectively prevent the degradation of yam seed potato.

1. Using the yam bean (aerial stem) harvested in autumn, sowing according to the plant distance 3cm, the yam tuber with long 20~30cm can be harvested in the next autumn, and the whole tuber is used as seed potato.

2. The yam paragraph is to cut the bud at the top of the tuber when harvesting the yam. It has a length of 20cm and a mass of about 50g. Dry before sowing, in order to make the wound heal, and then layer by layer storage, storage should pay attention to anti-freezing.

IV. Sowing at the right time

1. The seed potato prepared from selected yam bean has bright color, full terminal bud, strong tuber, sparse tuber, few roots, no diseases and insect pests, no rot, no freezing, and weighs about 150g. Sowing Chinese yam segments requires that its diameter is above 3cm and its length is 15~20cm.

2. 15-20 days before germination and sowing, take out the yam fragments stored in layers and put them in the environment of 25-28 ℃ to promote germination by sand 3~5cm. Yang bed or small arch shed can be used when sprouting, and the sun border or small arch shed should always be closed and insulated. When the young buds of Chinese yam emerge from the sand, they can be sown.

3. The sowing date of Chinese yam is not resistant to frost, so the sowing time should be after the final frost, and the seeds are generally sown in the middle and last ten days of April in Shandong.

4. To sow seeds, first use a hoe to trench along the marked line, 8~10cm the ditch depth, find the plastic casing, and then water it. After water infiltration, the seed potato was inserted into the pipe, and the mouth of the pipe was exposed. 3~5cm first covered the wet soil on the seed potato, and then covered with a layer of dry soil. After soaking through the dry soil, the planting ditch was covered with dry soil.

V. Post-planting management

1. Ploughing and ploughing can not only preserve soil moisture, but also increase soil temperature and promote yam to be unearthed. After sowing, it should be ploughed once or twice in time, and 2 or 3 times of shallow ploughing should be carried out after being unearthed to prevent the breeding of weeds. When ploughing, the place near the yam should be shallow, and the place far away from the yam should be deep. With the growth of yam, it is advisable to stay away from yam when ploughing.

2. When the stem of Chinese yam grows to 30cm, it is necessary to build a "human" frame with a height of 1.5m to 2.0m, and be firm to prevent it from being blown down by the wind. It is necessary to introduce the vine on the shelf in time, generally not to remove the lateral branches, but to remove the aerial stem which is not used for leaving seeds in time, too many aerial stems will affect the expansion of yam tubers.