Soilless Culture Management Technique of Tomato

Install a soilless cultivation system in the greenhouse, including cultivation trough, irrigation facilities and cultivation substrate.

1. Cultivation trough: in the greenhouse, 80 cm is left in the north and 30 cm in the south. The cultivation trough is built with bricks in the north-south direction. The inner diameter is 48 cm wide, the frame of the groove is 24 cm high, the brick should be laid flat, the slot distance is 72 cm, and the base of the trough is covered with a layer of 0.1 mm thick plastic film. Press the edge of the film with the top brick, cover the film with clean river sand 3 cm thick, and cover the sand with a woven bag filled with cultivation substrate.

2. Irrigation facilities: use tap water facilities or build a reservoir with a water level difference of 1.5 meters, and build an independent irrigation system in a single greenhouse. Plastic pipes can be used in the main pipes in the greenhouse and the drip irrigation belt in the cultivation trough, and there are 2 drip irrigation belts in the trough. and covered with 0.1 mm thick narrow plastic film.

3. Cultivation substrate: corn straw, mushroom residue and sawdust can be used in organic substrate, sand or slag can be used in inorganic substrate, such as coal gangue, sawdust and corn straw, the mixing ratio is 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 2. The substrate was stacked 25 cm thick 15 days before use, then the film was sprayed and sterilized, then 2 kg of organic soilless cultivation special fertilizer and 10 kg of sterilized chicken manure were added to each square meter of substrate, and then the trough could be filled after mixing. The substrate should be disinfected after each crop is harvested.

2. Soilless seedling raising

Maofan 802, a tomato variety with low temperature tolerance, weak light tolerance, high yield and strong disease resistance, was selected to soak seeds and accelerate germination at the end of September. According to the proportion of peat ∶ vermiculite to 3 ∶ 1, the substrate was mixed with 5kg chicken manure and 0.5kg vermiculite compound fertilizer per square meter, mixed and filled into a 72-hole plastic plate, one seed per hole was sown and covered with vermiculite 1cm, and the hole plate was separated from the soil with plastic film. The temperature before emergence was kept at 25: 30 ℃. After emergence, the temperature was 20: 25 ℃ during the day and 10: 15 ℃ at night. The seedling tray should be kept moist and can be planted when the seedlings grow 3 or 4 true leaves, and the seedling age is about 30 days.

III. Colonization

Before planting, turn the substrate evenly and irrigate the cultivation trough, so that the substrate can fully absorb water. When the cultivation trough exudates, it is planted according to 2 rows per trough, the substrate is slightly higher than Miaotuo, the plant spacing is 30 cm, 3000 plants per mu, and little water is poured after planting.

IV. Cultivation and management

1. Fertilizer and water management: topdressing began 20 days after planting, then every 10 days, 10 grams of special fertilizer was applied to each plant, and 25 grams of special fertilizer was applied to each plant in the last 7 days. Fertilizer should be evenly sprinkled 5 cm away from the root to allow it to seep into the matrix with water. In addition, carbon dioxide gas fertilizer can be applied in the shed. It is generally watered every 5 days after planting.

2. Temperature and light management: after planting, the indoor temperature was 22: 25 ℃ in daytime and 10: 15 ℃ at night. After fruit setting, it was 2528 ℃ in daytime and 12 ℃ at night.

3. Hanging vine and pruning: when the seedling has 6-7 leaves, the polypropylene plastic rope is used to hang the vine, the upper part of the rope is fixed on the wire of the scaffolding, and the lower part is tied on the stem base. The stem vine and the rope are wound around each other to keep growing upright. When pruning, only the growth of the main axis is retained, the lateral branches in all leaf axils are removed, and the lateral branches are branched when they are 10-15 cm long.

4. Flower and fruit protection and fruit thinning: at 7: 9 in the morning, the flower was dipped in 10-15 mg / kg 2.4 Mel D solution to improve the fruit setting rate. In order to ensure the large and high quality of fruit, there are 3 to 4 fruits per plant, and the rest of the flowers and fruits should be thinned out in time.