Tuyuan culture technology

Trionyx sinensis (Tuyuan), also known as Trionyx sinensis, Tuyuan, etc., is cold, salty and poisonous, and has the functions of promoting milk, removing stasis and relieving pain. it is an important traditional Chinese medicine.

First, soft-shelled turtles in the growth and development can only complete a generation through oviposition, nymph and adult. It takes about 3 months for males to mature and 9-11 months for females. The period from June to October is one week after mating. The egg mass (called egg sheath) is about 0.5cm long. Under the condition of 30 ℃ and 35 cm, white nymphs hatch after 40 to 60 days, and then molt 10 times every 20 to 50 times.

2. Feeding equipment

1. Toolbox: there are four kinds of sieves: No. 1 sieve square eye 8.5 mm; No. 2 sieve square eye 3.5 mm; No. 3 sieve slightly the same as chaff sieve; No. 4 sieve square eye 1.2 mm.

2. Feeding pit: the back of the feeding pit should lean against the wall. The area in front of the wall is 3.5 meters long and 0.5 meters wide. Five pits can be built, each of which is divided into five layers with cement slabs. A total of 25 pits, each with an area of 0.33 square meters, are released. The front of the pit is divided into two sections, the lower section is made of cement board, the upper section is made of wood, and if necessary, the upper and lower sections can be removed. Breeding soil can be raised with sandy soil, clay or loam. After the soil is broken, use No. 3 sieve to remove large chunks and add a small amount of plant ash to make it have a water content of about 20%. The soil of the 4th instar nymph is not more than 6.7 cm thick and the thickness of the nymph and adult is 10 cm thick. In winter and summer, the soil is 20 centimeters thick.

III. Feeding and management

1. Density: the feeding density can be adjusted with the increase of age, and the limit can be 9 kg per square meter. Soft-shelled turtles have the habit of eating eggs, so the density of species should not be too high. The development process of turtles reared in groups will be 1-4 years old, so the feeding density is close to a certain number. 1-6-year-old nymphs can be raised together, and when the density is too high, they will kill each other and eat the egg sheath. The feeding pit should be dark, leaving only 3.3 cm in length and width in the upper left corner and the lower right corner as vents. When the temperature is above 38 ℃, open the pit door to cool down, thicken the pit mud and reduce the density.

2. Feed: wheat bran and rice bran are the best concentrate of Trionyx sinensis, followed by corn meal and rapeseed cake powder, while Toona sinensis leaves and elm leaves are the best in roughage. Secondly, such as sunflowers, all kinds of grass, melon peel, vegetable leaves, livestock, poultry, fish residue hogwash and so on. When feeding, the feeding method should be flexibly mastered according to different ages, different seasons and different developmental stages. 1-year-old 4-year-old nymphs can put some dry soil on the surface of the breeding soil and sprinkle the concentrate on it. Nymphs and adults over 5 years old can be sprinkled on the surface of the breeding soil with a layer of 3.3 cm thick rice husk, and then sprinkled with fine and green material. When the temperature is low, it can be fed once every other day, every day from June to September, and it is better to feed in the morning. During the molting period, all instar insects should be fed little or no concentrate, and then fed normally after the molting is basically over.

3. Artificial hatching of egg sheath: artificial hatching begins in the first and middle of February, with a larger aluminum pot and a pottery bowl, which is slightly smaller than the pot. The bowl is filled with mud for hatching and evenly mixed with the same egg sheath. The pot is filled with water, and the height of the water is the same as that of the soil in the bowl. the bottom of the pot is heated with a kerosene lamp, 1.7cm away from the bottom of the pot to keep the water temperature at 32-35 ℃. Stir the mud eggs every few days. Day and night, all hatched after 40-60 days.

4. the method of keeping warm in winter: the soft-shelled turtle (Tuyuan) has the habit of hibernating. When the temperature dropped below 8 ℃, it dived into the soil, and then unearthed when the temperature rose to 10 ℃ in April of the following year. Artificial heating can be used in winter and spring low temperature season, commercial insects can be produced twice a year, so that each square meter can produce 20 to 25 kilograms of fresh insects. Can be raised in the greenhouse in winter, greenhouse styles of different sizes, can keep warm. For example, the east-west greenhouse is 612 meters long, 3 meters wide and 2.5 meters high. Double hollow walls are laid flat with bricks. The roof is high in the north and low in the south, with a slope height of 1:25. The roof is covered with glass. The use of sunlight heating, when the temperature is too low, or artificial heating. Put two coal cake stoves in the greenhouse. The stove is equipped with a heat transfer iron tube to discharge the gas outdoors. Put a kettle on the stove to adjust the temperature and humidity of the room to keep the temperature at 27-32 ℃.

IV. Pest control

1. Green mildew: it mainly occurs in the plum rain season. After the disease, the abdomen of Trionyx sinensis (Tuyuan) is dark green, spotted, soft, anorexia, and soon crawls out of the mud and dies. Once the disease is found, the disease and insect will be kept in isolation and replaced with dry pit mud to reduce the density. At the same time, spray the worm with 0.5% formalin solution; you can also mix 0.25 grams of erythromycin into 0.25 kilograms of wheat bran and feed it 2 times for 3 times until cured.

2. Aspergillosis of egg mass: high temperature and high humidity in the jar (bowl) promote the proliferation of aspergillus, resulting in the death of eggs and nymphs. The prevention and treatment methods are as follows: keep the pit soil dry, the humidity does not exceed 20%, collect the egg block once every 10 days, mix 1 part of 3% bleach powder and 9 parts of lime powder, and sprinkle it on the egg block for disinfection. After emergence, the larvae were screened out every 3 days and reared in the larval tank. No feeding during the incubation period.