Cultivation techniques of balsam pear grafted towel gourd

Taichung District Agricultural improvement Farm / Lin Tianzhi, Hong Yutang

Balsam pear is an annual trailing herb, which is strong in heat tolerance, but not resistant to low temperature, its stems and leaves are weak, not resistant to wind and rain, and its roots are not resistant to water and dampness. when cultivated in rainy summer, it is easy to cause root rot due to wet soil, and then cause the plant to wither and die. Towel gourd has strong growth ability, easy cultivation, medium shallow root, strong regeneration ability, long growth period, continuous flowering and fruiting, harvest time up to half a year, and the occurrence of disease is small. Towel gourd and balsam pear both belong to the gourd family, with strong affinity and easy grafting. Using the characteristics of moisture tolerance and regeneration of towel gourd root group as withered wood, grafting balsam pear can improve the weather tolerance of balsam pear in summer, and balsam pear has the advantages of obvious increase in yield, prolonged harvest time, enhanced disease resistance and improved quality. In addition, if the top bud of seed vine is used as scion, the cost of seed can be reduced, the production cost of balsam pear can be reduced, and the benefit of melon farmers can be increased.

Cultivation techniques of balsam pear grafted towel gourd

Steps of balsam pear grafting towel gourd

Scion cultivation

After the balsam pear varieties are selected, disinfect the seeds with 1500 times Yili aqueous solution for 2 hours, or soak the seeds in 50 ℃ warm soup for 30 minutes, then put the seeds into a small cloth bag and soak them in clean water for 24 hours. After taking out the seeds, gently press out the excess water with your hands, then wrap the seeds with wet cotton cloth, put them into a carton containing 60cm 100W electric light bulbs, keep the temperature at 250030 ℃, accelerate germination, and pay attention to keeping the seeds moist. After 2 days of germination, the seed should be stopped immediately. When the seeds are to be sown, they should be covered with a wet cloth to prevent the roots from drying and wilting, or immediately sowed in the seedbed or seedling bowl. Winter seedlings should be provided with heat preservation facilities to help grow. As soon as the balsam pear grows to 8-12 leaves, the heart is picked to promote the germination of more vines for panicle picking. at the same time, the terminal buds picked by the main vines can also be used as scions. Except for a part of towel gourd with separate rootstock, the seedlings can be raised first when the leaves of balsam pear are 3 or 4 leaves. In general, towel gourd is used to raise seedlings after the heart of balsam pear is picked, and the method is similar to that of balsam pear, except that the soaking time is 18 hours and the temperature in the carton is kept at 25-28 hours. After sprouting, it needs to be replanted in the seedling bowl to make the grafting operation more convenient.

Grafting method

(1) splicing

1. Top splice:

When the two leaves of the rootstock cotyledons are unearthed and the growth point forms beads, it is the right time for grafting, which is about two weeks after sowing and budding. In the process of doing business, remove the growing point with a toothpick, then use a thin and sharp blade to cut about 0.1 cm longitudinally from the middle of the top growing point of the towel gourd stem, and then take the top bud of the balsam pear main vine or seed vine 3-4 cm long, and the stem surface is obliquely cut downward with a blade to form an oblique plane, about 0.05 cm long left and right, the small face must be smooth and gently cut on the opposite side of the stem. (the front of the stem is slightly darker and lighter) Make it into a wedge, then insert it into the cutting seam of the stem of the rootstock, and then fix it in a circular space between the two teeth, which can not be fixed by clamping teeth. Because the rootstock stem is young and prone to trauma and rot, water should be properly replenished after grafting and 1500 times of diluent should be sprayed. At the same time, it is covered into a tunnel shed with a black plastic net (cold yarn) with a shading rate of 50%. When raising seedlings, we should pay attention to adjust the temperature, humidity and light in the shed, so that the scion does not wither, rot or grow too much. During the period from grafting to full life, pay attention to shading and ventilation at high temperature, and the temperature and humidity in the shed should not be too high, otherwise the rootstock and scion are easy to rot, especially at high temperature, so as not to cause excessive shading, so as to avoid yellowing and overgrowth of seedlings, pay attention to wind prevention and ventilation at low temperature, do not make cold wind attack, keep the temperature between 25 ℃ and 30 ℃ as far as possible, and the degree of ventilation should not wither the scion. If withering occurs, the humidity in the shed is too low or too ventilated. The shading period can be removed after about two weeks, and the grafted seedlings can be grafted quickly at high temperature and slowly at low temperature in the greenhouse. The fixation clip can be removed after the grafting is healed, and it can be planted after about 28 days of management.

two。 The nursery bed is back:

Balsam pear is seeded in the nursery bed after sprouting, and when the balsam pear leaves are 8-12 leaves, the apical buds can be used as scions for cutting. At the same time, towel gourd is sown in the seedling basin, and the growing points of balsam pear cotyledons are cut longitudinally as mentioned above. At this time, the lateral buds of balsam pear mother vines have grown to a considerable length, and the peel is peeled back and forth with a blade at the top about 3 cm 4 cm. One side is deeper, about 1 cm. One side is shallower about 0.5cm, the balsam pear seed vine can not be cut, and finally the scratch is embedded in the towel gourd cut place, and then fixed from the bottom to the top with a grafting clip, without shading, the survival rate is extremely high, the temperature above 26 ℃ is natural (about 15 days at low temperature), the balsam pear seed vine can be cut off, and then it can be planted after 10 days of management.