It is necessary to make a good production plan for raising cattle efficiently.

Develop a cattle farm production plan to facilitate the organization of production, including breeding and calving plan, herd organization and replacement plan, feed plan, milk and meat production plan.

(I) cattle organization and replacement plan

1. The organization of cattle herds and the replacement plan of cattle in large-scale cattle farms is not only an important guarantee for the completion of production planning tasks and the expansion of reproduction, but also conducive to the organization and management of production. Older cattle, low-yield cattle and adult cattle with poor reproductive function should be eliminated in time in the cattle farm in order to improve the production performance and calving number of cattle herds. therefore, the breeding organization of adult cattle and calves must be done well in order to supplement the number of cattle needed in production in time. In production, the stage feeding should be done well, and the cattle should be divided into groups according to their age, sex and production use. In cattle farms, cattle can generally be divided into calf group, breeding group (male and female group), fattening group, adult cow group and so on. The proportion of each group of cattle in the whole herd should be determined according to the production direction of the cattle farm, the planned task of production, the service life, the mature period of cattle and so on. The basic cow herd determines the production scale and production capacity of the cattle farm, while calves and adult cattle provide guarantee for the expansion of production scale and determine the number of commercial cattle and fattening cattle. The herd organization is arranged around the size of the basic cow herd, which needs to be eliminated every year due to age, disease, low yield and other reasons. Whether the number of eliminated basic cows can be replenished and expanded in time depends on the number of reserve cows and the mature period. Therefore, the maintenance or expansion of the production scale of cattle farm is related to the utilization life of adult cattle and the mature period and quantity of reserve cows.

The useful life of cows in large-scale cattle farms is generally 10-12 years, and the elimination rate of adult cows can be as high as 20%-25%. This elimination rate is beneficial to maintain the high milk yield and reproductive performance of the herd. Considering the selection of reserve cattle, the proportion of reserve cows is higher than that of cows. Mature cattle should account for 25% 30%, of which mature reserve cattle account for 10% 12%, and cows under 12 months old account for 15% 18%. Adult cows should account for 60%-65% of the herd, of which: 20%-25% for first-and second-born cows, 25%-30% for third-and fourth-born cows, 15%-20% for more than 6-born cows. In order to ensure balanced milk production, the production of dairy cows in adult herds is kept at about 80%, dry cows at about 20%, and calves at 10% to 15%.

two。 During the production process of the herd replacement plan, as some adult cows are eliminated, the born calves are converted to breeding cattle or commercial cattle for sale, and the breeding cattle are converted to production or fattening cattle slaughtering and sale, as well as cattle purchase and sale, so that the structure of the herd is constantly changing. In a certain period of time, this change in the organizational structure of cattle is called herd turnover (turnover). Herd replacement plan is the reproduction plan of cattle farm, which is the basis of production plan, feed plan, labor plan, breeding and calving plan, capital construction plan and so on. In order to effectively control the herd change and ensure the completion of the production task, a herd replacement plan must be made.

1) in order to work out a good herd replacement plan, the following materials must be mastered:

(1) the planned stock of all types of cattle at the beginning of the year

(2) the number of cattle and production level at the end of the planned year

(3) planned annual elimination of cows, sale of calves and fattening cattle

(4) the number of calves that survived, the number of planned buyers and the number of calves born from July to December last year.

2) compilation methods and steps:

(1) make a herd replacement schedule

(2) fill in the corresponding columns at the beginning and end of the month according to the number of all kinds of cattle at the beginning of the year and the number of cattle at the end of the planned year.

(3) the number of calves to be bred in each month of the year is planned to be filled in the "breeding" column of the heifer.

(4) the heifer that has reached the age of 6 months is transferred to the adult cow. When transferred to breeding cattle, the number of dead, eliminated and sold cattle should be removed. Find out the number of calves born in each month from July to December last year and fill them in the "transfer out" column from January to June, and the number of calves born in each month from January to June in this year is filled in the "transfer column" from July to December respectively.