Problems and Countermeasures in Walnut planting

Walnut, as a plant with high economic value, has become a major planting industry. Especially in recent years, walnut has gradually become an important planting industry to promote the economic development of mountain areas and improve people's living standards. with the expansion of cultivation area, many cultivation and management problems have gradually emerged. This paper discusses some problems existing in walnut cultivation in order to provide some references for walnut cultivation in our region.

As we all know, the economic value and use value of walnut are outstanding among many nuts at present. Walnut, as a kind of food with high nutritional value and high medicinal value, has been favored by the majority of consumers. Walnut is not only directly used for consumption, but also gradually developed a lot of processed food. As the focus of forestry industry construction, walnut planting is not only an important measure to promote economic development in poor areas, but also has practical significance to improve people's living standards. However, we have to admit that due to the particularity of walnut itself and different requirements for the environment, there are still many problems in the cultivation process, which are reflected not only in the environmental requirements, but also in the cultivation techniques. In this paper, a large number of walnut cultivation experience books are studied, and some reasonable suggestions are put forward according to the situation of walnut cultivation in our area.

1. Analysis of the main problems existing in the current walnut planting process.

In the process of walnut cultivation, due to the influence of cultivation techniques, experience and some natural factors, there are still many problems in the current walnut cultivation process, which are mainly shown in the following aspects:

1. The proportion of cultivation is too large

Walnut branches contain more tannins, so in the process of grafting, the cross section is easily oxidized to form an isolation layer, and it is difficult for branches to survive after grafting with an isolation layer, which has become a difficult problem for fruit farmers to solve at present. Generally speaking, fruit growers will hire experienced professional grafting technicians with high salary, or buy high-priced excellent grafted seedlings directly from the market. As a result, the capital investment is quite large, which is unacceptable to some unqualified farmers, resulting in a reduction in walnut production. Superior seed grafting has not been vigorously promoted in the market, so there are not a few farmers who lose high quality and efficient planting.

Secondly, the cultivation density of fruit trees must be customized according to the varieties and growth characteristics of fruit trees. the cultivation density of walnut trees is not only related to the geological conditions of the cultivation area, but also to the level of management and cultivation techniques. If the lack of consideration of the factors affecting the cultivation density, it will affect the high yield and efficiency of fruit trees. Without scientific planning and design, without adequate pruning and conservation measures after cultivation, the yield of walnut will not be increased.

two。 Lack of reasonable management of underground water and fertilizer

Once the cultivated garden lacks facilities and measures to maintain soil and water balance, resulting in serious soil erosion, no timely replenishment of water when the soil is dry, no timely replenishment of fertilizer when there is a lack of fertilizer, and fruit trees do not have enough water and nutrients, it will lead to low yield and even death. On the other hand, if the fertilizer is sufficient, the fruit trees grow vigorously, but without reasonable pruning management, the branches grow freely, resulting in the disorder of the tree structure, and serious closure will not only lead to the outward movement of fruit parts, but also lead to premature senescence of fruit trees.

3. The angle of the trunk branch is unreasonable and the flower and fruit management is not in place.

For the late pruning of fruit trees, in order to shorten the shaping period, some fruit growers manage by the way of low fixed trunk, which is likely to cause the crown to be too close to the ground, which is not conducive to the management operation and is more likely to cause the phenomenon of branch mopping in the later stage. affect the crown light, thus affecting the yield. Some tree crowns are shaped too high, which will result in a long shaping period and a late crown shaping, which is not conducive to the management operation. In addition, in the flower and fruit management of fruit trees, some fruit farmers lack the understanding of male thinning, resulting in a large number of blossoms, resulting in a waste of water and nutrients. Some fruit growers do not understand the function and meaning of artificial pollination and lack of proper pollination operation, which leads to a great decline in fruit rate, while the current close planting cultivation of walnut is mostly early fruiting type, and the results are generally earlier and more. many fruit growers do not have the heart to remove dense fruits, which not only affect the growth of other fruits, but also lead to premature senescence of fruit trees due to too many fruits.

4. Lack of timely pest prevention

The harm of diseases and insect pests is an inevitable phenomenon in all planting industries. In the actual cultivation process, if the prevention of diseases and insect pests is not carried out at the right time, they will be dealt with later when they encounter diseases and insect pests. It will greatly increase the cost and is not conducive to the fruit of fruit trees. On the other hand, scientific and reasonable measures must be taken to prevent diseases and insect pests. In these aspects, many fruit growers are only aware of pesticides and other prevention and treatment measures, do not pay attention to the dosage of pesticides and side effects, but may cause the death of trees and fruit shedding in the later stage.

Second, strategies to deal with the problems existing in walnut planting.

1. Improved seed cultivation and reasonable close planting

In order to make better use of the fruit seedlings cultivated in the garden and effectively improve the yield of fruit trees, the existing fruit trees can be cultivated by high grafting of superior varieties. For the newly-built close-planted walnut orchard, priority can be given to raising seedlings, and then planting to build a garden to achieve improved seed cultivation directly, or you can buy superior seedlings from a professional agricultural research institute to ensure the purity of the seedlings. Secondly, in the establishment of the garden, we should fully consider the limiting factors affecting the cultivation density, reasonably plan close planting and carry out walnut cultivation.

two。 Strengthen fertilizer and water management and scientific renovation

Fertilizer and water management is the focus of mountain walnut cultivation orchard. First of all, we must ensure good soil and water conservation, further repair terraces, do a good job of tree plate work, and adopt grass mulching technology to improve fertility. The fertilization of fruit trees must go through strict on-site investigation, combined with the growth status of fruit trees, design a reasonable fertilization scheme, and confirm the amount and types of fertilizer before fertilization operation can be carried out. In addition, for the trimming of fruit trees, attention must be paid to the adjustment of tree structure, not only to cultivate main and side branches, to make rational use of overgrown branches, to regularly cut off dry and withered branches and branches of diseases and insect pests, to ensure the utilization of space between fruit trees, and to maintain a good tree structure in order to ensure the good growth of fruit trees.

3. Attach importance to flower and fruit management and timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

During the flowering period of fruit trees, scientific and reasonable flower thinning operation should be carried out in time to ensure that a small number of male flowers at the top and periphery of the crown can not only save water and nutrition, but also improve the fruit rate and achieve the effect of increasing production. In addition, combined with the prediction of diseases and insect pests, we should do a good job in the comprehensive control of fruit trees, and on the basis of agricultural control, artificial control or physical and biological control, chemical control can also be taken appropriately, but we must limit the amount of drugs. put an end to the excessive use of drugs and increase the yield of fruit trees on the premise of protecting trees.

III. Conclusion

In the end, as for the problems existing in the process of walnut cultivation, as long as we can analyze from many aspects, combine the actual situation of cultivation, pay attention to the technical control of each link in the process of cultivation, and improve the management of fruit trees by fruit growers, when problems occur, timely treatment measures can effectively ensure the quality of walnut cultivation.

Author: Xue Rong