High efficiency artificial culture technology of wild goose

Abstract: the technology of efficient artificial culture of wild geese, also known as wild geese, is the general name of Hong goose, grey goose, bean goose and snow goose in the genus of duck geese. It is a large migratory bird, one of the important waterfowl in China, and the second class protected animal in our country. Wild goose meat has high protein content and is a high-protein and low-fat food. Eggs are rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron and other essential mineral elements, with high nourishing and health care effect.

Wild goose, also known as wild goose, is the general name of Hong goose, grey goose, bean goose, snow goose and so on. It is a large migratory bird, one of the important waterfowl in our country and the second class protected animal in our country. Wild goose meat has high protein content and is a high-protein and low-fat food; eggs are rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron and other essential mineral elements, with high nourishing and health care efficacy, is a traditional first-class game treasures. Its down is light and soft, and its warmth is good. It can be used as filling material for clothing and bedding, and hard feathers can be made into handicrafts such as fans. In recent years, wild geese are decreasing day by day. Artificial domestication not only has remarkable economic benefits, but also can effectively protect this fine variety.

Artificial hatching of wild goose eggs

1. Disinfection of breeding eggs: after breeding eggs are produced, they are often contaminated by bedding grass and feces, and there are a small amount of bacteria on the surface. After 30 minutes, bacteria can enter the interior of breeding eggs through the shell hole. Therefore, the breeding eggs should be disinfected in time. First put the eggs into the disinfection cabinet, prepare the medicine according to 28 ml of formalin solution and 14 grams of potassium permanganate per cubic meter, and pour formalin into a glass or enamel container (due to a large number of bubbles during the reaction, the volume of the container should be 5 ~ 7 times larger than that of formalin), then pour in potassium permanganate, close the doors and windows, a few minutes later, formaldehyde steam overflow, 12 ~ 24 hours later open the doors and windows. Release the residual gas and move the eggs into the storeroom.

2. Preheating: preheating the breeding eggs before hatching can make the embryos adapt to the external environment and prevent the breeding eggs from sweating. First, the eggs were soaked in the solution for 3 ~ 5 minutes, dried and preheated in the incubator for 6 ~ 8 hours with potassium permanganate or bacteria poisoning, pertoxication and other drugs according to the instructions.

3. Incubation management

① temperature and humidity control: the whole batch of hatched eggs were mainly hatched at variable temperature, and the temperature range was controlled in the range of 30 ℃ ~ 37 ℃. The eggs hatched in batches were hatched at a constant temperature of 38 ℃ ~ 38.5 ℃. The control principle of humidity is high at both ends and low in the middle. For 1-3 days, it will be 65%, 70%, 75%, 4-28 days, 60%, 65%, 29-31 days, 70%, 75%. In addition, under the condition of normal temperature and humidity, ventilation should be smooth as far as possible.

② turn eggs, light eggs and cold eggs: the automatic egg turning incubator turns eggs every 2 hours, manual or native hatching every 3 hours to 4 hours, turning eggs at an angle of 45-90 degrees. Wild goose eggs need to be illuminated three times during the whole incubation period. The first time was carried out on the fifth day after hatching, picking out azoospermic eggs and dead eggs. The second time was carried out on the 10th day to pick out the dead embryo eggs, find out the cause in time, and adjust the hatching conditions. The third time was carried out on the 26th day, mainly observing the embryonic development and determining the setting time. The machine hatch opens the door twice a day, and 16 days after hatching, the breeding eggs are pulled out from the egg tray rack for about 2 to 3 to cool the eggs, and the cooling time is controlled within 30 minutes. Native hatching can cool eggs by reducing mulch and increasing ventilation.

4. Midwifery: the eggshell of wild geese is thick, the broken shell teeth of young geese are not very sharp, and some chicks can not hatch normally, so midwifery should be timely during hatching. Gently open the allantoic blood vessels, yellowed inner shell membrane and embryo egg in the blunt part of the egg with scissors, pull out the goose's head gently with your hand, and put it into the hatcher to let it out of the shell by itself.

Feeding and management of young geese

Young geese refer to the young geese from hatching to one-month-old. This period is the key stage of artificial domestication, at the same time, because the digestive function of young geese is not complete, the ability of temperature regulation is poor, so it needs careful feeding and management.

1. Temperature and density. Newborn geese are afraid of cold and easy to gather and squeeze to cause casualties, so it is necessary to maintain appropriate temperature and density. Keep 30 ℃ ~ 28 ℃ per square meter from 1 day to 4 days, 27 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ per square meter from 5 days to 14 days, 24 ℃ ~ 18 ℃ from 15 days to 30 days, 10 to 15 mice per square meter, and can be raised without temperature after 30 days.

2. Drinking water and feeding. The goose drank water for the first time, also known as the tide mouth. 12 hours after the goose came out of its shell, the goose put 0.01% potassium permanganate solution with a depth of 2 cm to 2.5 cm in the water plate, and the goose was put into the water to drink freely for 3 minutes for 5 minutes. After drinking water, it can be eaten with soaked chopped rice mixed with chopped vegetable leaves, or mixed with moisture and mixed with vegetable leaves, with a ratio of 1 ∶ 2 to 3. The green feed fed by the young geese must be fresh, washed and cut finely; the concentrate should be soft rather than hard, but not too sticky. At the age of 1 day to 3 days old, the feed was sprinkled on the newspaper or plastic sheeting to feed freely, feeding 4 ~ 5 times a day, feeding in a trough after 4 days of age, 6 ~ 7 times a day, and increasing the proportion of green feed to 70% ~ 80%. After 21 days of age, the digestive ability of young geese is greatly enhanced, and some grains or chopped corn can be fed properly. Young geese drink a lot of water, so they should ensure uninterrupted water supply throughout the day.

3. Moistureproof and disease prevention. A humid environment often causes a variety of diseases, so the nursery must be spacious and bright, well lit and well ventilated. Bedding materials should be clean, dry and mildew-free, and utensils should be cleaned, dried and disinfected frequently. The playground should be cleaned every day to keep it clean. Garlic juice and penicillin can also be fed in feed or drinking water to prevent diseases.

4. Grazing. In order to enhance the physique of the young geese and adapt to the surrounding environment as soon as possible, when the weather is fine, the young geese at the age of 7 days can be rushed to the grazing ground for 20 ~ 30 minutes to move freely; after 15 days of age, the geese can be driven to swim in shallow water for 30 ~ 50 minutes. Once in the morning and afternoon, and grazing all day after 30 days of age.

Breeding of commercial meat geese

The wild geese from 1 month old to before entering the breeding period are young geese. Young geese have a large feed intake and strong resistance, which is the fastest stage of growth and development. At this stage, grazing can be carried out all day, and some concentrate can be added appropriately when returning to grazing. The main wing feather can be fattened after the main wing feather is fully grown.

The main purpose of fattening commercial meat geese is to limit their activities, reduce the consumption of nutrients in the body, and promote their weight gain and fat deposition. Before fattening, according to the number of geese, wood strips, branches, straw and so on are divided into several small columns with a height of 60cm to 70cm. The feed trough and the sink are hung outside the column and feed through the gap between the column. Generally, each column is about 1 square meter, and there are 2 ~ 3 meat geese. Drive out parasites before starting fattening, feed 3 ~ 4 times a day before fattening, feed mainly corn, plus 15% bean cake, 5% wheat bran, 10% leaf powder and 0.35% salt, and feed chopped green fodder at noon to ensure drinking water throughout the day. In this way, when fattening for 2 ~ 3 weeks reaches about 4 kg, you can get out of the hurdle.