How to reduce the cost of tilapia culture

Abstract: at present, tilapia is widely cultivated in China, and it is the main culture species to increase the income of fishery farmers and farming units in many places, but in the process of culture, many farmers pursue production unilaterally and constantly put feed and fertilizer into the culture water, which not only increases the culture cost, but also worsens the water quality, affects the growth and survival of tilapia, and leads to low culture efficiency.

At present, tilapia is widely cultivated in our country, and it is the main culture species to increase the income of many local fishery farmers and farming units. however, in the process of culture, many farmers continue to put feed and fertilizer into the culture water body because of the one-sided pursuit of production, which not only increases the culture cost, but also deteriorates the water quality, affecting the growth and survival of tilapia, resulting in low culture efficiency. So how can we reduce the culture cost of tilapia? Let's take a look at it together.

Strictly disinfect and clear the pond

Cleaning pond disinfection can not only kill wild miscellaneous fish, reduce food contending objects, but also kill pathogenic factors in water, improve water quality, and make tilapia have a good feeding environment. There are more wild miscellaneous fish and shrimp in the pond, and they compete for bait with tilapia. Ferocious fish may even eat tilapia and reduce feed efficiency, so attention should be paid to eliminating them. Therefore, both new and old ponds must be cleaned and disinfected before they are put into seedlings. The old pond should remove too much silt and keep only 10 cm of sediment. 10-15 days before stocking, disinfect the pond with medicine to kill pathogens and enemy organisms in the culture water. Generally, two methods can be used to clean the pond by dry method or with water.

1. Dry cleaning of the pond: when cleaning the pond, you can use about 75kg of quicklime or 4-5kg of bleach per mu.

2. Clear the pond with water: when clearing the pond with water, the whole pond can be sprinkled with about 150 kg of quicklime per mu, so that the soil at the bottom of the pond can be mixed with quicklime as far as possible, so as to completely kill parasites, pathogens and wild miscellaneous fish, reduce the object of contention for food, and improve the utilization rate of feed.

Reasonable collocation and stocking

1. Culture methods: in order to improve the survival rate of tilapia culture and reduce feed waste, it is necessary to control the stocking density and breeding fish. At present, the main culture methods are pond culture and cage culture, which are suitable for mixed culture with tilapia. There are mainly silver carp, bighead carp, grass carp, carp and freshwater white Pomfret.

2. Matching stocking: winter fry can be released every spring when the water temperature rises steadily above 15 ℃. Generally, 1500-3000 tilapia species per mu are reared in ponds, while 40-70 silver carp and bighead carp species are mixed to control water quality, and 200-500 fish per mu can be released when mixed with other fish.

3. Cage culture: tilapia can be raised alone, mainly or in combination in the cage, and the fish species should be of large size, with a tail weight of 10-50 grams and an average of 30 grams. The stocking amount should be determined according to the water quality conditions. When the dissolved oxygen content is more than 3 mg / L, the stocking density is 3-20 kg per cubic meter of water.

4. Adjust the density: with the continuous growth of the fish body, in order to adjust the breeding density and improve the benefit, the fish can be caught in batches and released in rotation, so as to adjust the fish load in the water body and improve the feed return rate.

Regular regulation of water quality

Fish culture first raise water, the quality of water affects the growth rate and feed coefficient of tilapia. Tilapia likes fresh water quality, good water quality, rapid growth and less diseases, so it can make full use of bait and reduce the feed coefficient, so cultured tilapia should pay attention to adjust the water quality and keep the water fresh. Water is generally required to be yellowish green, transparency 30 cm-40 cm, dissolved oxygen more than 3 mg / L is better.

1. When breeding in ponds, the pond water should be changed frequently to maintain fresh water quality and strictly prevent floating heads and flooding ponds. Generally every 15 days or so to add new water, each change of water 10-20 cm, so that the pond water level at about 1.5 meters, high temperature season can appropriately increase the number of water change. During the breeding period, depending on the weather, water temperature and fish feeding, the aerator should be opened appropriately to increase oxygen. When the weather changes, the air pressure is low, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is less than 3 mg / L of fish floating head, it is necessary to increase the start-up frequency and start-up time.

2. When raising cages in reservoirs, the cages should be brushed frequently to wash off the dirt and attached algae in the cages, so that the water bodies can be fully exchanged, and the boxes should be checked regularly and repaired in time to avoid running fish or ferocious fish into the boxes. When necessary, it is necessary to constantly adjust the cage, with the fluctuation of the water level in the reservoir, adjust the cage to a suitable position of water depth, so that tilapia has a good feeding environment.

Scientific fertilization and feeding

1. The amount of fertilizer, bait and other culture inputs not only affects the growth of tilapia, but also affects the change of water quality. Tilapia in natural waters, the main feeding objects are benthos, aquatic insects, zooplankton, rotifers, organic detritus and macroalgae, which can absorb plankton in water as food, of course, it is more fond of artificial feed.

2. In aquaculture, appropriate fertilization can also be used to make plankton grow in a good state and increase the dissolved oxygen and nutrients in the water to assist the growth of fish. Generally, before the fish species are released, sufficient base fertilizer can be applied to improve the nutritional status of the sediment in the water and increase the nutrients in the pond, which is conducive to the growth of natural bait. The specific method is to apply 250-300 kg per mu, such as rotten chicken dung.

3. In the middle period of culture, topdressing can also be applied according to the water quality in the water, generally every 15-20 days, it is better to apply 2-3 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 1 kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu, and a small amount of duckweed or duckweed can be put in the pond to supplement the vitamin demand of tilapia.

4. Tilapia is one of the main objects of running water high density culture or "factory" culture at present. Intensive culture needs to be fed with formula feed with comprehensive nutrition, but if we do not grasp the scientific method in feeding, it will not only waste feed, but also corrupt the water quality and cause all kinds of diseases. So bait feeding needs science.

5. the special feed produced by regular manufacturers should be selected. the feed formula is reasonable, which can ensure the rapid growth of tilapia and avoid the waste of feed.

6. Tilapia has a wide diet. Under the condition of artificial feeding, it can be fed with all kinds of feed, such as wheat, corn, cake and so on. The protein content in the initial feed should be 32-35%, and the daily feeding amount should be 3-5% of the total body weight of the fish. When the individual size is about 200 grams, the feeding amount can be adjusted to 2% of the total body weight of the fish, and the protein content in the feed is guaranteed to be 27-29%. When the individual reaches about 300 grams, tilapia enters the period of fastest growth, the daily feed intake is maintained at 1-2% of the fish body weight, and the protein content in the feed is more than 35%. Feed can be mixed by yourself, but it is best to be processed into pellets for feeding.