Video of okra planting technology

Okra, also known as Vietnamese sesame, croissant beans, paste, okra, kidney vegetables, etc., is an annual herb of okra of the family Malvaceae, originating in India and widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas. China's Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong and other provinces also have a very wide cultivation area, known as the king of vegetables, has a very high economic use and edible value, let's take a look at the cultivation technology video of okra!

Planting conditions of okra

1. Temperature: okra likes warmth, is afraid of cold, and has strong heat resistance. When the air temperature is 13 ℃ and the ground temperature is about 15 ℃, the seeds can germinate. However, the optimum temperature for seed germination and growth period was 25-30 ℃. When the monthly average temperature was lower than 17 ℃, it affected flowering and fruiting. When the night temperature was lower than 14 ℃, the plant grew slowly, the plant was short, the leaf was narrow, the flowering was less, and the flowering was more. 26-28 ℃ has many blossoms at suitable temperature, high fruit setting rate, rapid fruit development, high yield and good quality.

2. Moisture: okra is resistant to drought and moisture, but not resistant to waterlogging. The excessive soil moisture during the germination period is easy to induce seedling blight. During the fruiting period, the soil should always be kept moist because of the drought, poor plant growth and poor quality.

3. Lighting: okra is particularly sensitive to light conditions, requiring long light time and sufficient light. Sunny land should be selected, ventilation should be strengthened, and reasonable close planting should be paid attention to so as not to shade each other and affect ventilation and light transmission.

4. Soil: okra has wide adaptability to soil and does not choose soil fertility, but it is better to use loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage. Nitrogen is the main fertilizer in the early stage of growth, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is needed in the middle and later stage. However, if there is too much nitrogen fertilizer, the plant is easy to grow, the flowering and fruiting is delayed, the node position of fruit setting is raised, the nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, and the plant growth is poor, which affects flowering and fruit setting.

The growth cycle of okra

1. Sowing and germination period: from sowing to 2 cotyledons, the cotyledon flattening is the germination period, which takes about 10-15 days. After sowing at 25-30 ℃ for 4-5 days, the soil can be germinated. It usually takes about 7 days for direct seeding seedlings to be unearthed in the open field, and plastic film mulching can emerge 2-4 days ahead of time.

2. Seedling growth period: it takes about 40-45 days from 2 cotyledons to the first flower to bloom. After the general cotyledons fully expand, after 15-25 days, the first true leaf unfolds. After that, a true leaf occurs every 2-4 days, in which the first two true leaves are round. The growth is slow in the seedling stage, especially when the ground temperature is too low.

3. Flowering and fruiting period: it takes about 85-120 days from the beginning of flowering to the end of harvest. It takes 50-55 days after emergence, and the first flower blossoms. The first and second flowers take a little longer from flowering to harvest. Later, with the increase of temperature, the harvest time shortened. It is usually harvested for the first time about 70 days after sowing. It can be harvested 4 days after flowering under the suitable temperature of 28-32 ℃ in day and 18-20 ℃ at night. Okra grows faster and grows stronger after flowering and fruiting, especially at high temperature. It spreads a true leaf every 3 days in July and 4-5 days in September.

Planting methods of okra

1. Soil preparation and fertilization: the plot of okra is ready to be planted. After the previous harvest, deep ploughing in autumn and winter should be carried out in time, with a depth of 30 cm, in order to deepen the ripe soil layer, further loosen the soil, and enhance the soil water storage and fertilizer conservation capacity. Make the land fine, flat, loose, soft, empty and solid before planting. Okra needs more fertilizer, spread 5000 kg of rotten barnyard manure and 20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, spread it on the ground in front of soil preparation, then turn deeply into the soil, mix well with fine rake, mix the soil and fertilizer, and then open a ditch to make the border.

2. Sowing at the right time: the direct seeding method is often used, and it can also be raised and transplanted. It is generally sown in the middle of May, planted in the middle of June and harvested in large quantities in August.

3. Interseedling ploughing: it is necessary to have time seedlings after emergence of okra seedlings. When there are 2 or 3 true leaves, get rid of diseased, weak and small seedlings, and leave 2 plants in each hole. After the seedlings are unearthed, they should be ploughed and weeded in time, once every 10 days or so. Before the first flower blossoms, we should strengthen ploughing and squat seedlings properly to promote root development. Cultivate the soil before closing ridges to prevent plant lodging.

4. Fertilizer and water management and protection: okra is more resistant to drought and moisture, and requires higher air and soil moisture during the growth period, especially in the flowering and fruiting period. Okra has a long harvest time, and the whole growth period is about 100 days. On the basis of adequate base fertilizer, the first topdressing was carried out after seedling emergence, applying 6kg urea per mu.

5. Set up a frame to pick leaves: in summer, a support should be set up to prevent lodging. A 1-meter-long bamboo pole or branch can be inserted next to the root of the plant to support the plant. In the early stage of growth, the overgrowth of vegetative growth should be prevented, and the old leaves below the tender fruit should be removed in time in the middle and later stage. Those who are reserved for planting fruit should pick the heart in time, which can promote the ripening of the fruit, make the grain full and improve the seed quality.

6. timely harvest: okra blossoms and bears pods from sowing to plant height of about 30 cm and true leaves of 7-9, and it takes about 60 days for the first tender fruit to form. After that, the whole harvest period is as long as 60-100 days, and the whole growth period can reach about 120 days, or even longer.

① harvest standard: the general requirement is that the tender fruit should be tough, green and bright, and the seeds begin to expand but there are no signs of aging. For fresh pods, the pods are 7-10 cm in length and 1.7 cm in transverse diameter when the temperature is high, and 7-9 cm in length and 1.7 cm in diameter when the temperature is low. The tender pods for processing are 6-7 cm in length, 1.5 cm in transverse diameter, 8-9 cm in length, 1.7 cm in transverse diameter and 10 cm in length. Whether fresh or used for processing, the pod length should not exceed 10 cm.

② harvest time: generally, after the first fruit is harvested, it will be harvested every 2-4 days at the initial stage, and the harvest interval will be shortened with the increase of temperature. During the full fruit period in August, it is harvested every day or every other day. After September, the temperature dropped and harvested once every 3-4 days.

③ harvesting method: harvesting personnel should wear trousers and long-sleeved shirts and gloves to prevent tingling of hands and legs, cut them off from the handle with scissors, do not tear them with their hands, to prevent damage to plants, pay attention to clean cutting, do not miss cutting, such as missed or late harvest, not only old fruit, poor quality, affect food and processing, but also affect the growth and development of other young pods.