Cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus _ nutritional value of Pleurotus ostreatus _ practices of Pleurotus ostreatus

Distribution of producing area of Pleurotus ostreatus

Pleurotus ostreatus is mainly distributed in the north temperate zone and also in the subtropics, but it is rare in the tropics, and the extremely cold and hot climate conditions are not suitable for development. Pleurotus ostreatus can be cultivated according to the general culture method of wood-rot fungi.

Tea tree mushroom is mainly produced in Guangchang County, Jiangxi Province, Lichuan County, Jiangxi Province, and Gutian County, Fujian Province. In addition, there is also production all over the country, and Kunming, Chengdu, Beijing and other places are large fresh mushroom producing areas.

Nutritional value of Pleurotus ostreatus

Tea tree mushroom contains 18 kinds of amino acids needed by the human body, especially 8 kinds of amino acids, glucan, bacterial protein, carbohydrates and other nutrients that can not be synthesized by the human body. There are also rich B vitamins and a variety of mineral elements, such as iron, potassium, zinc, selenium and other elements are higher than other fungi. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the mushroom has the effects of tonifying kidney, diuresis, treating low back pain, wetting, invigorating spleen, relieving diarrhea and so on. It is an ideal food for patients with hypertension, cardiovascular disease and obesity. It is delicious, crisp, tender and delicious, and has a good health care effect, so it is one of the delicious and rare edible fungi.

Pleurotus ostreatus is rich in nutrition and its protein content is as high as 19.55%. There are 18 kinds of amino acids in the protein, of which methionine accounts for 2.49%, followed by glutamic acid, aspartic acid, isoleucine, glycine and alanine. The total amino acid content is 16.86%. The content of 8 kinds of essential amino acids for human body is complete, and there are rich B vitamins and mineral elements such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and so on.

The nutritional composition of tea mushroom is 14.2g of protein, 14.4g of cellulose, 9.93g of total sugar, 4713.9 mg of potassium, 186.6 mg of sodium, 26.2mg of calcium and 42.3mg of iron.

The efficacy of Pleurotus ostreatus

1. Anti-cancer and anti-cancer: tea tree mushroom contains a large number of anti-cancer polysaccharides, which has a good anti-cancer effect. People call it "Chinese god mushroom", "health food" and "anti-cancer top soldier".

2. Anti-aging: it has the effect of tonifying kidney and nourishing yin, invigorating spleen and stomach, improving human immunity and enhancing human disease prevention ability. Regular food can play the role of anti-aging, beauty and so on.

3. Relieving bedwetting in children: tea mushroom has a unique effect on frequent urination, edema and asthma in kidney deficiency, especially in children with low fever.

4. Tea tree mushroom is eaten with pig bone or chicken, which can enhance immunity.

Planting conditions of Pleurotus ostreatus

1. Nutrition: Pleurotus ostreatus is a kind of wood-rot fungus with weak ability to decompose lignin and cellulose. Wild Pleurotus ostreatus is only born on Camellia oleifera. After artificial domestication, broad-leaved trees such as paulownia, maple, willow, oak and poplar can be used as cultivation materials, but the mixed sawdust with loose material and less tannin is more suitable for the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus. Wheat bran, rice bran and cake fertilizer can be fully used as nitrogen sources. In addition to using sawdust, bagasse, rice straw, cottonseed hull and fungus straw can also be used as carbon sources. Among the carbon sources, monosaccharides and disaccharides are the best, while starch and cellulose are weak. If there is only glucose in the culture formula, the mycelium growth is loose, and a small amount of sucrose is used, the mycelium will grow dense and flourish. It shows that mineral elements are needed in the process of mycelium growth.

2. Temperature: Pleurotus ostreatus is a medium temperature edible fungus. On PDA medium, under the condition of 26 ℃, the spores germinated for 24 hours, and the fine hyphae could be seen with naked eyes after 48 hours. The optimum temperature for mycelium growth was 23-28 ℃, stopped growing over 34 ℃, and could be preserved for 3 months at minus 4 ℃. The temperature range of fruiting body primordium differentiation is 12-26 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 18-24 ℃. Lower or higher temperature will delay primordium differentiation. The temperature is low, the fruiting body grows slowly, but the tissue is strong, the mushroom shape is larger, and the quality is good. High temperature, easy to open umbrellas and form long-stalked Pleurotus ostreatus.

3. Moisture: the water content of the culture medium for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus should be controlled at 60%, 65%, that is, grasp a handful of the medium by hand, squeeze it hard, moist between the fingers, slightly water but not flow, the fingers should be loosened into pieces, and it is appropriate to disperse after falling to the ground. However, different kinds of sawdust and thickness are slightly different, so they should be mastered flexibly. When the mycelium grows, the air relative humidity is required to be less than 70%. The fruiting body formation and development period is 85% Mel 95%, and the growth period is appropriately reduced to prolong the shelf life of the product.

4. Air: tea tree mushroom is a kind of aerobic macrofungus, which is very sensitive to carbon dioxide, and the concentration of carbon dioxide in poor ventilation is too high, which is easy to cause slow growth of mycelium, thick and long stalk of fruiting body, small cap, early opening of umbrella and deformed mushroom.

5. Light: tea mushroom is a light-dependent fungus, the fruiting body has the characteristics of phototaxis growth, and suitable diffuse light is a necessary condition for the completion of normal life cycle. During the mycelium culture, the mycelium still grew in the absence of light, but did not form a fruiting body. The fruiting body is not easy to differentiate without light, and the suitable light intensity is 50-300 lux.

6. Acidity and alkalinity: the hyphae of Pleurotus ostreatus prefer weak acid environment, and the most suitable pH5.5-6.5. the mycelium grows sparsely and slowly below or above pH 4.

Control of Diseases and insect pests of Pleurotus ostreatus

The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of Pleurotus ostreatus is mainly based on prevention, do a good job in environmental sanitation and indoor disinfection, and find that miscellaneous bacteria are dealt with in time, because the temperature of the mushroom is higher, the mycelial protein is higher, and insect pests are easy to occur. The best method is to capture manually, and must not be completely cured with 0.1% bacterial fat or water spray, but we should be careful not to get too high concentration, so as to cause losses caused by mushroom bud poisoning and decay.

1. Penicillium

[symptoms] generally, six to ten days after inoculation, large turquoise poison spots appeared in the bacteria tube, and then slowly expanded and hindered the mycelium growth of Pleurotus ostreatus, which could kill the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus in serious cases.

[induced cause] impure strains, impurity, lax inoculation and disinfection caused inoculation pollution, insufficient disinfection and sterilization time, and the mixed bacteria in the culture medium were not killed, and the growth was slowly restored after inoculation.

2. White mold

[symptoms] after the mycelium returned to growth, there was a sparse layer of white hyphae, which began to grow in front of or on one side of the hyphae of Pleurotus ostreatus, which hindered the mycelium growth of Pleurotus ostreatus.

[induced cause] the air temperature, miscellaneous bacteria and spore coefficient increased, resulting in difficult inoculation and disinfection, excessive air flow in the inoculation site, external air blowing into the box, impure bacteria and lax sealing.

3. Streptomyces

[symptoms] Pink spores grow from the mouth of the bag or damaged parts two to three days after inoculation, and fly in the air with the wind. This miscellaneous bacteria spreads very fast, especially in high temperature and wet days.