Practices of volvariella volvacea _ nutritional value of volvariella volvacea _ cultivation techniques of volvariella volvacea

Planting conditions of volvariella volvacea

1. Moisture: straw mushroom is suitable to grow under the condition of high humidity, the water content of culture material is about 70%, and the air relative humidity is 90-95%. When the air humidity is less than 80%, the fruiting body grows slowly, the surface is rough and dull, and when it is higher than 96%, the mushroom body is prone to necrosis and disease.

2. Illumination: the vegetative growth stage of volvariella volvacea does not require strict light, and it can grow normally under the condition of no light. In order to turn to the stage of reproductive growth, light induction is needed to produce fruiting body, but avoid strong light, suitable for illumination of 50-100lx. The color of fruiting body is related to the intensity of light. Straw mushroom is dark and shiny in strong light, and the color is dim or even white in weak light.

3. Nutrients: glucose, fructose, sucrose, peptone, asparagine and glutamine are all good carbon and nitrogen sources of volvariella volvacea, while rice straw, waste cotton and bagasse are the main materials for cultivating straw mushroom. The analysis shows that asparagine and glutamine are rich in waste cotton, and their contents account for 1% of the total amino acids. It can be seen that waste cotton is an ideal material for cultivating straw mushroom. However, the nitrogen content of waste cotton varies from 0.25 to 1.45%, while the nitrogen content of volvariella volvacea culture material is 0.6-1%. Supplementation of soybean flour can increase yield.

4. PH: the requirement of pH for volvariella volvacea was between 4 and 10.3. The germination rate of basidiospores was the highest in pH7.5, and pH4.7-6.5,8 were suitable in mycelium and fruiting body stage.

5. Temperature: volvariella volvacea is a kind of high temperature fungus, the temperature of growth and development is 10-44 ℃. The temperature requirement varies with variety and growth period.

① basidiospores: the germination temperature is 30-40 ℃, the germination rate is the highest at 40 ℃, the second is 35 ℃, the lowest is below 30 ℃, and the germination rate is higher than 45 ℃ or less than 25 ℃.

② mycelium growth: it can grow at 10-44 ℃, but it grows slowly when it is lower than 20 ℃, grows very little at 15 ℃, almost stops growing at 10 ℃, and causes mycelium death under 5 ℃ or more than 45 ℃.

③ fruiting body development: the fruiting body development temperature is 24-33 ℃, and 28-32 ℃ is the most suitable. It is difficult to form fruiting body when it is below 20 ℃ or above 35 ℃.

Nutritional value of volvariella volvacea

Straw mushroom is rich in nutritional value, including protein, fat, vitamin C, p-aminobenzoic acid, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol and aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, alanine, threonine, lysine, tyrosine, arginine, valine and other amino acids. It also contains a foreign protein substance with anticancer effect.

1. Improve immunity: straw mushroom has a high content of vitamin C, which can promote human metabolism, improve immunity and enhance disease resistance.

2, detoxification effect: straw mushroom has detoxification effect, such as lead, arsenic, benzene into the human body, can be combined with it to form ascorbic acid, excreted with urine.

3. Anticancer effect: volvariella volvacea also contains a kind of heterogeneous protein substance, which can destroy human cancer cells. However, it contains more crude protein than Lentinus edodes, and other nutrients are roughly the same as woody edible mushrooms, which can also inhibit the growth of cancer cells, especially in the adjuvant treatment of digestive tract tumors and enhance the vitality of liver and kidney.

4. Jiapin for patients with diabetes: straw mushroom can slow down the absorption of carbohydrates in the human body, so it is a good food for patients with diabetes.

5. The effect of relieving heat: it is suitable to be eaten in summer, and straw mushroom has a certain effect on relieving heat.

New planting technology of volvariella volvacea

1. Cultivation season: the suitable temperature range for mycelium growth of volvariella volvacea is 15: 35 ℃, the optimum temperature is 30: 35 ℃, the optimum temperature for fruiting body growth is 26: 34 ℃, and the most suitable temperature is 28: 30 ℃. It takes more than one month from stacking to the end of mushroom production, which is the type with the highest temperature demand and the shortest growth cycle among the cultivated edible fungi. According to the temperature requirements of volvariella volvacea, the appropriate cultivation period can be chosen. Cultivation raw materials: cotton husk, waste cotton, wheat straw, rice straw, corncob, corn straw, peanut shell and cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus can be used. Choose dry, mildew-free fresh forage. Site selection and treatment of vegetable sheds, mushroom sheds, indoor, outdoor, under the woods, sun beds, fields, orchards and other places can be produced. The greenhouse should be covered and disinfected with lime powder before use. The old mushroom shed should be fumigated, insecticidal and sterilized.

2. Raw material treatment: near the mushroom shed, dig a pit that is 6 meters long, 2.5 meters wide and 0.8 meters deep (the size of the pit can be flexibly controlled according to the amount of raw materials). Cultivate the excavated soil around the pit so that the depth of the pit is increased to 1.5 meters. Lay a layer of thick plastic film in the pit, and then lay a layer of forage, so that until it is filled, the top layer is lime powder, and the total amount of lime is about 8% of the total forage. Put pressure on the forage to precipitate to prevent it from floating. Finally, pour water into the pit until there is no fodder. At the same time, the wheat bran with a total amount of 8% to 10% of wheat straw was soaked in a bag for 24 to 36 hours.

3. Build a pool to sow: pick out the soaked forage and drain it for half an hour before entering the shed. A border is built in the north-south direction, with a width of 0.9 to 1.0 meters. First spread a layer of grass about 20 cm thick, and then sprinkle with a layer of treated wheat bran. Flatten it by hand and sow the first layer after a little compaction. According to the seeding rate of 0.75kg per square meter, 1/3 of the bacteria were taken out and broken into blocks the size of the thumb belly, and then 2 rows of bacteria were sown on both sides of wow according to the specification that the hole spacing and row spacing were about 10cm. The middle part, because the material temperature will be too high and burn bacteria, so do not sow. After that, spread a layer of grass and bran about 15 centimeters thick, and sow the remaining 2/3 bacteria on the whole bed. Finally, sprinkle a thin layer of forage on the bed to protect the bacteria. After proper compaction with the plank, the ridge is made into an arc to facilitate the covering of soil. The total thickness of the material is 30cm to 35cm, and the width of the aisle between the border is 30cm.

4. Cover soil and film: after pressing the border bed into an arc, cover a layer of 2-4 cm thick clayey soil on the material surface. Some mature fermented manure can be mixed in the aisle. After covering the soil, cover the bed with a layer of agricultural film to keep warm and humid. The waste film should be disinfected with lime water or potassium permanganate before use. After covering the film, insert a thermometer into the material, observe the temperature every day, and control it in a suitable range. The temperature of the material should not exceed 40 ℃. If it exceeds, remove the film immediately and use a stick to blow off heat on the bed. After 3 days of plastic film mulching, the seedlings were ventilated several times a day for 10-30 minutes each time. On the 7th ~ 8th day, the bacteria can cover the bed. In this way, the arch should be supported on the border bed and covered with thin film. Open the two ends of the arch shed for ventilation, and don't cover the two sides too tightly. If the temperature and humidity are suitable, the arch shed can also be avoided.

5, out of the Ru management: about 10 days after sowing, it begins to come out of the Ru, this in, we should pay attention to lift the film ventilation. To be mushroom for a long time, in the aisle irrigation, moisturizing, cooling. If the temperature and humidity are suitable, the film should be removed and ventilated to prevent the mushroom bud from dying at high temperature. If the bed is too dry, dig a small hole on the edge of the shed, spread the film, put in cold water, preheat and spray the bed. Harvest 2-2 days after budding, 4-5 days per tide, 2-3 times a day. Every 3-5 days, the second tide mushroom produced again, generally can pick a 3-4 tide mushroom, the whole mushroom harvest period is 20-25 days.