Black Pig Breeding Technology

The "total protein" contained in black pork can help repair human tissue. Eating black pork often can provide balanced nutrients, so that modern people can still get minerals, vitamins and protein in their diet. let's take a look at the breeding techniques of black pigs.

Characteristics of Black Pig

1. Physical features

The black pig has black body hair, symmetrical structure, strong limbs, a slightly longer head and horizontal wrinkles on the forehead (with two deep wrinkles like eyebrows). It is these two obvious deep wrinkles that the local people call the black pig "Ermei pig". The black pig has medium ears, soft and drooping ears, less wrinkled skin, few drooping meat under the neck, straight back and large abdomen without mopping the floor; the hindquarters are weak, slightly higher than the front; the average number of nipples in sows is 12.7.

2. Production performance

Black pig is known as "grass fat pig", and its fattening performance is high. The general weight of adult boars is about 117kg, and that of adult sows is about 95kg. Under standard feeding conditions, the live weight at 240 days was about 92 kg, and the average daily gain during fattening period was 509 g. The black pig has good meat quality, bright red color, delicate and succulent, obvious marbling, good fat quality, white and glossy color, crystal clear, and the carcass lean rate is about 46%.

The construction of pig farms

Pig farms should be built in areas far away from people, high and dry, leeward and sunny, and well drained. The functional division of the producing area is clear. Finally, the size of the pig house should be determined according to the feeding scale, the height of the house should be more than 2.5 meters, and there should be suitable windows before and after the pig house to ensure daylighting and ventilation. The feeding density can be appropriately reduced in summer and increased in winter. The height of the pigsty fence is 0.8ml m, and food troughs and drinking water devices should be installed in the pen. The cement floor of the pig house should have a certain slope, a sewage drain should be set up outside the pig house, and an open-air fence can be set up outside the pig house.

Preparation of farmed feed

Black pigs should achieve feed diversification and palatability as much as possible. Mainly include: corn, wheat, sweet potato, potato, rice, wheat bran, etc., in addition, such as vegetable leaves, grass, carrots and other succulent feed, feed mix can be determined according to local conditions.

Selection of Black Pig breeds

The selection requirements of black pigs are in line with the typical breed characteristics. Generally select 7-8 months old, weight more than 40kg breeding pig introduction, it is recommended to the regular breeding pig farm selection, boar four limbs strong, hindquarters developed and powerful, testes should be symmetrical large; sows strong limbs, waist straight, belly large and not mop; nipple requirements more than 6 pairs, uniform; genitals fully developed.

Feeding and management of black pigs

After introduction, it must be isolated for a period of time, and the latest must be about a month. Only after observing that the pigs are completely normal, can they be mixed. Breeders should pay attention to thoroughly disinfect the breeding pig house and regulate the temperature in the breeding house according to the change of weather so as to ensure the emotional stability of the breeding pig.

Pigs from different pig farms cannot be reared in mixed groups immediately after arriving at the pig farm. According to the size of the pig body, the area of the fence is divided into groups and raised separately, generally 5 to 6 head a circle is appropriate. Breeder pigs should be fed little or no feed on the same day, and the water supply should also be controlled to prevent the occurrence of overeating. The amount of feed increased gradually in the next few days, and on the 5th to 7th day, the feed increased to the normal amount of feed for pigs, that is, each pig was fed 2.5kg concentrate feed once or twice a day.

The feed reference formula is: corn 58%, soybean meal 15%, rice bran 10%, wheat bran 12%, premix 5%.

According to the growth of pigs, the water supply must be adjusted in time to ensure clean and adequate drinking water. Pigs from different sources need to be responsible for the isolation period, it is strictly forbidden to visit each other, carefully observe the performance of each pig many times a day and fill in the feeding records and the status of the herd in time. Closely observe the temperature, humidity and air quality in the pig house every day, and take a reasonable way of ventilation according to the external weather conditions, so as to maintain the ideal temperature, humidity and air quality as much as possible. Black pigs that have passed the isolation test can be raised in mixed groups.

1. Breeding and management of boars.

In the process of breeding black boars, in order to prevent breeding boars from staying together, it is easy to climb and fight each other, thus affecting the quality of breeding, so breeding boars should be raised in a single column. The feeding of breeding boars should pay attention to balanced nutrition, moderate feeding, to make breeding boars keep medium fat all the year round, not too fat and too thin, and to maintain strong physique, abundant energy, exuberant libido and good semen quality. Each head was fed 2 to 3kg of concentrate feed twice a day.

The recommended feed reference formula is: corn 63%, soybean meal 14%, rice bran 11%, wheat bran 7%, premix 5%. The feeding amount should be adjusted according to the fat condition.

During the breeding period, in order to maintain the boar's exuberant libido and good semen quality, one or two fresh eggs should be added to the daily feed and an appropriate amount of cabbage leaves should be fed. An appropriate amount of exercise can enhance the physique of black boars and improve the libido and sperm motility of breeding boars, so it is necessary for breeding boars to do regular outdoor exercise every day. Exercise for 30 to 60 minutes each time, according to the outdoor temperature, it is best to choose noon in winter and morning and evening in summer.

2. Estrus identification

Often observing the estrus of black sows is also a very important work. Timely mating can improve the conception rate and fecundity rate of black sows.

It was found that the redness and swelling of the vulva, the outflow of fluid and the appearance of static reflex in the sow indicated that the sow was in estrus. At this time, the breeders can press the back of the sow with their hands, and if the sow stands still, it can be sure that the sow is in estrus.

3. Breeding

Before mating, clean and wipe the genitals of breeding boars and sows to prevent bacteria and dirt from being brought into the vagina of sows. When the breeding boar climbs on the back of the breeding sow, it needs to be observed by the breeder and, if necessary, artificial assistance is needed to promote the smooth progress of mating. Black pigs are mated naturally. The mating ratio between boars and sows is 1:25 to 1:30, and the effective time for mating is about 12 to 36 hours after the beginning of estrus. The first mating should be completed within 12 to 16 hours after the detection of static estrus. In order to improve the pregnancy rate and birth rate, the second mating should be carried out after 12 hours.

4. Feeding and management of sows during pregnancy.

If the black sow does not appear estrus within 20 to 40 days after mating, it can be preliminarily judged to be pregnant. From this time on, we entered the stage of pregnancy.

The gestation period of sows refers to the period between fertilization and delivery of the eggs of sows. The average pregnancy cycle of black sows is 113.5 days. Black pigs need to be taken care of during pregnancy as well as other breeding pigs. It is necessary to ensure that the sow is in good condition, but also to protect the fetus and promote the growth and development of the embryo. The feeding and management of this period is mainly divided into two stages, the first trimester and the third trimester.

The first trimester of pregnancy refers to the first 80 to 94 days of pregnancy in black sows. During this period, attention should be paid to protecting the fetus and reducing the factors that lead to fights. Overfat breeding pigs should be limited, and those who are too thin should be replenished. According to the physical condition, each head was fed 2 to 2.2 kg of concentrate feed twice a day.

The feed reference formula is the same as the empty period.

The third trimester of pregnancy refers to the prenatal 20 to 30 days of the sow, the late pregnancy is the period of rapid fetal growth, it is best to use single column feeding, which helps to protect the fetus. The above feed is fed with 3 to 3.5 kg concentrate feed per day, and the feed amount is adjusted according to the fat condition of sows, feeding twice a day.

The feed reference formula is: corn 60%, wheat bran 16%, soybean meal 18%, fish meal 2%, premix 4%. Sows should be reduced by about 30% 2 to 3 days before parturition and are not fed 24 hours before delivery. The sow delivery room should be kept clean and sanitary. 2 to 3 days before delivery, the empty delivery room should be washed, disinfected, windowed and ventilated, and then the sow should be transferred to the delivery room. Before the sow is transferred to the delivery room, bathe the sow first, disinfect it and then enter the delivery room. Put a baffle on top of the piglet insulation fence and install heat preservation facilities to prevent newborn piglets from being unable to adapt to the environment quickly and cause disease.

When the sow successfully gave birth to the piglet, it entered the management stage of lactation. During this period, sows not only have to restore their physical strength, but also secrete milk to raise piglets, so breeders must provide adequate nutrition and careful care for sows, so that they can smoothly enter the piglet management stage.

The full-price formula feed for lactating sows can be used for lactating sows. Three days after delivery, the sows should be fed according to their appetite and fed gradually. The feed should be kept fresh and palatable, and the daily feed intake should reach 3.5 to 5.5kg after 3 days. Gradually lose weight 3 days before weaning and stop feeding on the day of weaning.

The feed reference formula is 62% corn, 15% wheat bran, 17% soybean meal, 2% fish meal and 4% premix. When the feeding of lactating sows is done, the milk of the piglets will be guaranteed.

Feeding and management of piglets

Piglets from birth to weaning are called piglets, usually from 21 to 28 days. Due to the poor resistance of piglets in this period, imperfect digestive function and other factors, it needs careful care by breeders to make piglets gradually adapt to the new environment. Generally, each piglet occupies an area of about 0.35 square meters.

1. Eat enough colostrum

After the piglet is born, let it eat full colostrum within 10 to 30 minutes. Colostrum is the milk secreted by sows 3-5 days after delivery. Colostrum is rich in protein, vitamins and immune antibodies. It is beneficial to the digestion of piglets, can enhance the disease resistance of piglets and promote meconium excretion.

2. Heat preservation

Piglets born within 3 weeks need to keep the temperature of the enclosure at about 28 to 30 degrees Celsius, which can be reduced to about 21 to 28 degrees Celsius when weaned. Insulation lamps and incubators can be used to keep warm.

3. Iron supplement

Newborn piglets store less iron, so piglets need iron supplement within 3 days, so iron dextran injection can be used to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia in piglets. In general, deep intramuscular injection of 100 to 200 mg is used in piglets at the age of 2 to 3 days.

4. Inducing food

Piglets begin to attract food and feed at the age of 3 to 4 days, and special suckling pig feed can be used to allow piglets to eat freely. Early supplementation can not only improve the weight of weaned piglets, but also avoid the decrease of feed intake and diarrhea caused by sudden weaning. With the increase of age, the amount of feeding increased gradually.

5. Timely weaning

The piglets are weaned at the age of 21 to 28 days, and the sows can be driven away on the day of weaning. The piglets can stay in the original column for 3 to 7 days and then transferred to the nursery, so that the piglets can have a process of adaptation. During this period, piglets are also fed suckling pig feed so that they can eat freely. If the number of weaned pigs is limited, they can be reared in the original litter, and if there are a large number of weaned piglets, they should be put together according to the weight of the piglets. A litter of piglets with neat uniformity can be weaned at one time. If individual piglets are thin and small, they can be placed in unweaned piglets of similar size and extended for a period of time before weaning.

6. Feeding and management of conservation pigs

Pigs from weaning to 70 days old are called nursery pigs. Although its adaptability to the environment is stronger than that of newborn piglets, there is still a big gap between adult pigs, so the main purpose of this period is to control the environment of pig houses and appropriate feeding density, reduce stress and control diseases. The temperature in the nursery should be kept between 20 and 26 degrees Celsius. The feeding density should be moderate, generally 0.7 square meters per head. Newly weaned piglets need to be fed with suckling pig feed for about a week, but they should not be overfed to prevent diarrhea, and then mixed with suckling pig feed to gradually reduce the proportion of suckling pig feed. After 10 to 14 days, all piglets are switched to piglet feed, and then feed freely.

The feed reference formula is: corn 61%, wheat bran 13%, soybean meal 21%, fish meal 1%, premix 4%.

When the body weight of black piglets reached about 30kg at the age of 70 days, the individuals with typical characteristics of breeds, tall body and healthy body were selected to be reserved for breeding and entered the management of reserve pigs. Those who are not used for seed will be transferred to the fattening house for fattening.

Feeding and Management of Reserve Pig

The reserve pig is the reserve force of the pig farm, and the task of cultivating the reserve pig is to obtain the breeding pig with strong physique, good development, typical breed characteristics and high breeding value. The feeding level of reserve pigs affects the production performance and breed quality of pigs in the future. Backup pigs should be raised separately, each occupying 1.5 to 2 square meters of column, and the feeding density should not be too high, so that reserve pigs should have room for free movement. The reserve pigs were fed with full-price compound feed for reserve pigs, and each boar was fed with 2 to 2.5kg compound feed per day when the body weight was less than 60kg, and 2 to 3 times a day until the end of breeding when reaching 60kg. The feeding amount should be adjusted according to the fat condition of the reserve pigs.

The feed reference formula is: corn 60%, wheat bran 17%, soybean meal 19%, premix 4%.

The main purpose of the reserve sow is to ensure its excellent reproductive performance to be brought into full play. The pig farms with better conditions can raise 4 to 5 pigs per pigsty, and there is enough room for activity. Under general feeding conditions, reserve sows can also be placed in a larger enclosure, but no more than 10 sows to ensure their limb development. Each reserve sow is fed with 1.8 to 2.5kg concentrate feed per day for 2 to 3 times. In order to make reserve pigs exercise outdoors frequently, exercise is very important for reserve pigs. Regular exercise can comprehensively enhance the body function of pigs and accelerate the growth and development of muscles and bones, so as to make the endocrine and reproductive system develop normally. The method of grazing can be adopted under certain conditions, and when the black pig reserve pig grows to the mating age, it can be mated at the right time.

Feeding and Management of finishing Pigs

In the pig care stage, when selecting backup pigs, black pigs that cannot be reserved for breeding should be transferred to fattening houses for fattening. The fattening pigs of black pigs generally refer to non-breeding pigs of 70 to 240 days old. The feeding density of fattening pigs should be moderate, and each fattening pig occupies a column area of about 2 square meters. The black pigs transferred to the fattening house should reduce the feeding cost as far as possible and get out as early as possible to achieve economic benefits without affecting the growth. The feed intake of fattening pigs is the largest, that is, the feed conversion rate directly affects the economic benefits of the whole pig farm. However, it is not that the cheaper the feed is, the more money it saves, the better. The key is to ensure the quality and reasonable allocation of feed, and avoid feeding pigs with a single feed.

The feed reference formula is: corn 57%, wheat bran 19%, soybean meal 20%, premix 4%. Feed three times a day, once in the morning, once in the morning, once in the evening.

When the body weight of fattening pigs is less than 45kg, it is the early fattening stage, which allows fattening pigs to eat freely. When the body weight of fattening pigs is greater than 45kg, it is the later stage of fattening. In order to prevent excessive fat deposition during this period, 80% of the daily diet of fattening pigs can be fed, or silage can be increased to control energy intake and improve lean meat percentage of pigs. When the black pig fattening pig grows to the age of about 8 months and its weight reaches more than 90kg, it can be listed on the market.

Black pig has high reproduction rate, coarse food tolerance and strong disease resistance. Because of its special growth characteristics, its meat is very fresh and tender, whether cooking or processing ham is a good ingredient. We believe that this distinctive pig breed with proper management and successful marketing will have very good economic benefits.