Construction Scheme of Shelf cattle Farm

Shelf cattle is a breed of cattle. First of all, we should choose the offspring of cross between foreign beef cattle and local cattle such as Charolais, Simmental, Limuzan and Hereford; secondly, we should choose the hybrid offspring of Holstein cattle or Holstein cattle and local cattle. Today, we will introduce the construction scheme of shelf cattle farm for you!

Selection of breeding ground for shelved cattle

The choice of cattle farm site should be carefully considered, unified arrangement and long-term planning. It must be integrated with agricultural and animal husbandry development planning, farmland capital construction planning and housing construction planning, and must meet the needs of modern cattle farming. The selected site should have room for development.

1. High and dry terrain. Beef farms should be built in dry terrain, leeward sun, low groundwater level, with gentle slope north high south low, generally flat place. Must not be built in the low concave, tuyere, so as not to drainage difficulties, flood season ponding and winter cold difficulties.

2. Good soil quality. Sandy loam soil is better. Soft soil, strong water permeability, rain, urine is not easy to accumulate, after the rain does not harden, conducive to cattle houses and sports ground clean and dry, conducive to preventing hoof disease and other diseases.

3) Sufficient water. There must be sufficient water sources that meet the sanitary requirements to ensure production, living and drinking water for people and livestock. The water quality is good and free of poisons, ensuring the safety and health of people and animals.

4. Rich forage. Beef cattle feed needs a large amount of feed, especially coarse feed, which is not suitable for transportation. Beef farms should be close to straw, silage and hay feed resources to ensure forage supply, reduce freight and reduce costs.

5. Convenient transportation. The purchase of rack cattle and large quantities of forage, the sale of fattening cattle and manure, the transportation volume is very large, frequent, and some transportation requires rain and rain. Therefore, beef cattle farms should be built in convenient places close to roads or railways.

6. Sanitation and epidemic prevention. It is 600 meters away from major traffic arteries, villages and factories, and 200 meters away from general traffic roads. It is also necessary to avoid slaughtering, processing and industrial and mining enterprises that pollute beef farms, especially chemical enterprises. Meet veterinary hygiene and environmental hygiene requirements, no infectious sources around.

7. Saving land. No or little farmland.

8. Avoid endemic diseases. Endemic diseases of human and livestock are caused by the lack or excessive content of certain elements in soil and water quality. Endemic diseases have great influence on beef cattle growth and meat quality. Although they can be prevented and controlled, they will certainly increase the cost. It should be avoided as much as possible.

Design principle of shelved cattle farm

The purpose of building cattle houses is to create a suitable living environment for cattle and ensure the normal operation of cattle health and growth. Spend less capital, feed, energy and labor to obtain more livestock products and higher economic benefits. To this end, the design of meat cattle houses should grasp the following principles.

1. Create a suitable environment for cattle. A suitable environment can give full play to the productive potential of cattle and improve feed utilization. In general, livestock productivity is 20% breed dependent, 40%-50% feed dependent and 20%-30% environment dependent. Unsuitable ambient temperatures can reduce livestock productivity by 10-30%. In addition, even if complete feed is fed, if there is no suitable environment, the feed cannot be converted to animal products to the maximum extent; thus reducing the feed utilization rate. It can be seen that when building livestock houses, they must meet the requirements of livestock for various environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, ventilation, light, carbon dioxide, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the air, so as to create a suitable environment for livestock.

2, to meet the requirements of the production process, to ensure the smooth progress of production and the implementation of animal husbandry and veterinary technical measures. Beef cattle production technology includes herd composition and turnover mode, forage transportation, feeding, drinking water, feces cleaning, etc., as well as technical measures such as measurement, weighing, semen collection and infusion, prevention and control, production care, etc. The construction of cattle houses must be combined with the production process of this site. Otherwise, it will cause inconvenience to production and even make production impossible.

3. Strict hygiene and epidemic prevention to prevent the spread of epidemic diseases. Epidemic diseases threaten cattle farms and cause economic losses. By building standardized cattle houses and creating a suitable environment for livestock, diseases will be prevented or reduced. In addition, special attention should be paid to sanitary requirements when building livestock houses to facilitate the implementation of veterinary epidemic prevention systems. According to epidemic prevention requirements, site planning and building layout shall be reasonably carried out, orientation and spacing of livestock houses shall be determined, disinfection facilities shall be set up, and sewage treatment facilities shall be reasonably arranged.

4, to be economically reasonable, technically feasible. Under the premise of meeting the above three requirements, the construction of livestock houses should also reduce the project cost and equipment investment as much as possible to reduce production costs and speed up capital turnover. Therefore, the construction of livestock houses should make full use of the favorable conditions of nature (such as natural ventilation, natural lighting, etc.), try to use local materials, adopt local building construction habits, and appropriately reduce the area of auxiliary houses. The design scheme of livestock house must be realized through construction, otherwise, no matter how good the scheme is and the construction technology is not feasible, it can only be an imaginary design.

Building requirements for shelved cattle breeding ground

The configuration of buildings in cattle farms should be adapted to local conditions, convenient for management, conducive to production, epidemic prevention and safety. Unified planning and rational layout. Be neat, compact, high in land utilization, economical and practical.

1. Cowshed. Our country territory is vast, north and south, east and west climate disparity. Northeast three provinces, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai and other places cattle shed design is mainly cold, south of the Yangtze River is mainly heatstroke prevention. The form of the barn depends on the size and feeding method. The construction of cattle houses should be convenient for feeding management, lighting, summer heatstroke prevention, winter cold prevention and epidemic prevention. When building more than one cattle house, the long axis parallel configuration shall be adopted. When there are more than 4 cattle houses, two rows can be arranged side by side, aligned front and rear, with a distance of more than 10 meters.

2. Feed storehouse. The construction site should be located at a moderate position from each barn, and the position is slightly higher, that is, dry and ventilated, and conducive to the transportation of finished materials to each barn.

3. Hay shed and grass warehouse. As far as possible, the downwind section shall be set, and the distance from the surrounding houses shall be at least 50 meters. The construction shall be independent, so as to prevent the scattered grass from affecting the beauty of the cattle house environment and achieve fire safety.

4. Silage cellar or silage pond. Construction selection principle is the same as feed storehouse. The location is moderate and the terrain is high, so as to prevent sewage such as feces and urine from entering the pollution. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the convenience of transportation when leaving the house and reduce labor intensity.

5. Veterinary room, sick cow house. It should be located in the downwind of the cattle farm, and relatively remote corner, easy to isolate, reduce the spread of air and water pollution.

6. The office and staff living quarters are located at the upper wind head outside the cattle farm to prevent air and water pollution and epidemic infection. A guard room and disinfection room shall be set up at the entrance of cattle farm for disinfection.

Environmental Design of Shelved Cattle Breeding Site

Cattle farm unified planning layout, afforestation according to local conditions, planting flowers and grass is an indispensable construction project of modern cattle farm.

1. Planning of forest belt in the field. Plant mixed forest belt of trees and shrubs around the field boundary, and plant thorns. Trees such as Populus davidiana, Salix praecox, Populus davidiana, Elm and evergreen conifers; Shrubs such as Salix fluviatilis, Amorpha fruticosa, Platycladus orientalis, etc.; Spines such as old thorns, thorns, etc. can play a role in preventing wind and blocking sand.

2. The isolation belt of the field area is mainly set to separate each area of the field, such as the production area, residential area and management area. Isolation forest belts should be set up. Poplar, elm leaves, etc. can be used. Shrubs are planted on both sides to isolate them.

3. Road greening should adopt evergreen trees such as Tabernet and Holly for greening, and configure green belt of Ligustrum lucidum or Huangyangcheng.

4. Shade forest of sports field On the south, east and west sides of sports field, 1-2 rows of shade forest should be set up. Generally can choose branches and leaves open, strong growth potential, winter deciduous branches after the sparse tree species, such as poplar, locust tree, French parasol and so on.

In short, the selection of tree species flowers and plants should be adapted to local conditions, local selection, strengthen management and protection, and ensure survival. Through greening, improve the environmental conditions and local microclimate of cattle farms, purify the air, beautify the environment, and also play an isolation role.