Rapid fattening Technology of Shelf cattle

Shelf cattle generally refers to 3-4 years old, growth and development has been completely over, skeleton and body shape have been stereotyped, after more than 150 days of high concentrate, high energy diet intensity fattening, body weight reached 550-650 kg, in line with Hong Kong live cattle and slaughtering standards, with processed beef cooked products with high yield, short feeding period, fast cycle and obvious economic benefits.

Shelf cattle selection

1. Age selection: fattening cattle about 1.5 years old can produce high-grade and high-quality beef. However, the growth and development of Qinchuan cattle is slow, and under the traditional feeding method, the skeleton and body shape of Qinchuan cattle can not meet the fattening requirements until the age of 3 to 4 years old. Therefore, in order to obtain good effect and benefit of short-term fattening, healthy Qinchuan castrated cattle at the age of 3-4 years old should be selected. Because of poor fattening effect and low benefit, castrated cattle over 6 years old and eliminated basic cows are not suitable for fattening middle and high-end beef, but can only produce ordinary fattening cattle.

2. Physique and appearance: short head, wide forehead, big mouth, thick neck, wide, deep and long body drive, good forequarters, thin and soft skin, large physique, obvious edges and corners, wide and flat dorsal rump, fattening potential, body height 137 cm, oblique length 150 cm, body weight more than 350 kg. And the body is too short, narrow back bow waist, Takeshiri, thin body is not suitable.

3. Fattening time: the best season of spring and autumn should be chosen. In the high temperature season from June to August, measures such as water curtain, roof rain and fan should be adopted to prevent heat and cool down and slow down heat stress. Heat preservation measures should be taken in winter. The optimum environmental temperature for beef cattle fattening is 4: 20 ℃.

Shelf cattle feeding

1. Recovery period (10-15 days): due to the stress response of factors such as transportation, environment and management mode, cattle are tired and lose 515% of their body weight, and it takes a period of time to recover in order to adapt to the new environment, groups and feeding and management methods. The diet is based on high-quality green hay and wheat straw, with adequate drinking water, no concentrate on the first day, a small amount of wheat bran on the second day, and 3 days later to maintain the original farmer or farm feed. And complete quarantine, epidemic prevention, deworming and isolation observation.

2. the transition period (15-20 days): gradually realize the transformation from the raw material type to the concentrate type. After the shelf cattle recover and adapt, reduce hay, increase wheat straw, feed roughage 46kg / head per day, keep 1315kg crude protein in concentrate, and gradually increase to 4kg / day to ensure net energy 37~52MJ/ per day.

3. Fattening period: at this stage, stop feeding green hay, forbid feeding green succulent feed, mainly wheat straw and rice straw, feed 3-4 kg / head per day, gradually increase concentrate, increase concentrate about 2 kg / head per week, crude protein is kept at 8-10%, daily concentrate is stable at 6-8 kg / head until the column is released.

Shelf cattle management

1. Adequate drinking water: drink freely or not less than 3 times a day, and drink warm water in winter.

2. Deworming and strengthening the stomach: albendazole is taken orally at a dose of 10 mg / kg body weight during the recovery period. The external parasite can be killed with 2-4% permethrin. When the weather is clear, the shower can kill parasites such as ticks on the body surface, and it can also avoid mosquitoes and flies. After 3 days of deworming, rhubarb soda tablets 50-80 tablets were used twice a day for 2 days, and then 500 grams of Chinese herbal medicine Jianwei Powder was used for 2 days to strengthen the stomach and promote digestion.

3. Group feeding: fenced according to different physical size and strength, 15 heads per group during fattening period, the best group is 6-8 head group, and it is relatively stable. During the fattening period, each small group can only go out and no longer enter cattle, and the enclosure area is 12-18 square meters.

4. Feeding times: 2 to 3 times a day in the early stage of fattening, 6 hours between them, and free feeding in the later stage.

5. Hygiene management: keep the barn dry and hygienic, clean the barn before entering, spray and disinfect it thoroughly with 2-4% caustic soda, and enter the cow after drying.

6. observation and weighing: the ruminating, spirit and feces of each cow should be observed during the fattening period. Diseased cattle should be isolated in time, raised and treated alone, with gas, foul feces and undigested concentrate, and concentrate should be reduced or stopped. During the fattening period, the weight was weighed every 30 days, and the method was to weigh twice on an empty stomach in the morning, take the average value as one, calculate the daily increase, and adjust the diet formula according to the daily increase to keep the daily gain at 0.8-1.2 kg.