Cultivation and Management techniques and measures of Stone Ginseng in Meizhou City, Guangdong Province

How to grow ginseng? Meinan Town, Mei County, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province, introduced 50kg stone ginseng from Fujian Province, Zhangzhou City in 2000, and achieved initial success. The following and small editor together to learn about stone ginseng in Guangdong Province Mei County introduction planting technology, and after the continuous optimization process.

1. Cultivation and management techniques and measures of stone ginseng

1.1 Land selection and preparation

Although it is widely adaptable, it can be planted in paddy fields in mountainous areas, and can also be interplanted with forest clearings and young orchards. However, if you want to ensure high yield and high quality, you need to consider the unique growth habits of stone ginseng, such as habits of cooler mountain areas, deeper soil layers, loose and well-drained sandy loam, etc. This requires that after selecting the land for cultivation, the land preparation should be carried out to ensure that the width of the compartment is between 1.2 and 1.5 meters, the depth of the ditch is between 0.2 and 0.3 meters, and at the same time, the compartment surface should be kept fine and flat.

1.2 Sowing and sowing method

Stone ginseng is sown between February and May. Early sowing can improve yield. Sowing method can adopt direct seeding or seedling transplanting: direct seeding can not only save labor, but also because the stone ginseng has a main root, so it can not hurt the stone ginseng main root, the yield is higher, but the seed quantity is slightly more;

The seedling transplanting labor is more, and the main root is damaged during transplanting. There is no main root when harvesting the root of stone ginseng, and there are many fibrous roots in the lateral root. The appearance is not good, and the yield is low. At present, farmers generally adopt direct seeding method, spraying pre-emergence herbicide on the surface of the compartment two days in advance, spraying one or two butachlor and one packet of horace per barrel of water. It has been proved by practice for many years that the application of pre-emergence herbicides has no effect on the growth and quality of the first and second crops of S. chinensis, and can delay the first intertillage weeding for more than 40 days, reduce the weeding work once or twice in the whole crop, and save about two labor hours per 667m2. Before sowing, the seeds were peeled off with a small rice mill to increase the germination rate (more than 95%). Without shelling treatment, the germination rate could only reach 15% because the seed shell was too thick. The soil should be wet before sowing, preferably after rain or spraying water on the surface of the compartment. 667m2 with seed quantity of 1.5 kg, mixed with appropriate amount of fine sand evenly spread on the surface of the box, do not cover after sowing. After sowing, if the emergence is seriously uneven, the seedlings can be transplanted from the densely grown places (try not to hurt the roots with soil) to ensure that the basic seedlings reach 9,000 to 10,000 per 667m2.

1.3 field management

1.3.1 fertilizer management

Stone ginseng grows coarsely and easily, so it has little demand for fertilizer. If burned soil or excessive potassium fertilizer is used, it will lead to blackening of stone ginseng root system, thus leading to poor quality. The base fertilizer used can be mixed with 500 kg decomposed pig manure and 25 kg phosphorus powder according to 667 m2. Thinning and weed removal are required after seedling formation (3-5 leaf stage). From 20 days after emergence (5-8 leaves), urea was continuously applied three times every 14 days, and 3-5 kg urea was evenly applied to 667 m2 each time, so that the seedlings of Stone Ginseng could be sealed neatly. Sprinkle high content of S-base compound fertilizer twice 15 days and 5 days before anthesis, 5kg per 667m2, it is beneficial to increase the color and aroma of roots of S.

1.3.2 moisture management

Although the requirement of water content for stone ginseng is low, the soil must be thoroughly watered before sowing, otherwise the germination of stone ginseng seeds will be seriously affected. If the weather is particularly dry after emergence, be sure to irrigate horse water. Stone ginseng growth fear ponding, long-term ponding will affect the root growth, resulting in irreversible black rot, loss of commodity value, such as continuous rainy days need to strengthen drainage work.

2 Pest management

In the process of planting for many years, except for some snails in the early stage, no obvious pest damage was found in the stone ginseng, so only the snail killing drugs such as Mida were used.

3 Harvest

3.1 seed collection

The stone ginseng enters the flowering season after June for six times. When the seeds mature around October, they should be harvested in time. In sunny weather, put on gloves and collect seeds from the bottom to the tail of the stone ginseng inflorescence. After removing fluff and impurities at home, they should be dried for 2-3 days.

3.2 Ginseng root harvesting

After the seeds are ripe and harvested in October, the roots can be harvested one after another, and delaying the harvest can improve the yield. Harvesting is carried out after rain or irrigation. Before harvesting, cut off the ground part with a knife. Harvest can be dug out with an ox plow or hoe. After harvesting, clean it in time on the same day, and then put it under the sun until the main root skin can not be scratched by nails. It takes about five to seven days to dry. The key point of sun-drying stone ginseng is to straighten the root system with hands after two days of sun-drying, and place it neatly for sun-drying. After drying, bundle, each bundle of about 1kg, can be marketed.

4 Comprehensive benefit analysis

4.1 economic benefits

Stone ginseng can generally be harvested in one year, but can also be harvested in the second or third year. The longer the growth period, the stronger the aroma of the roots of stone ginseng. The production cost per 667m2 was 800 yuan in that year. The average yield of root per 667m2 was 250kg, and the current market price was about 20 yuan per kg, and the output value was 5000 yuan. The average yield of seed per 667m2 was 30kg, and the market price was about 50 yuan per kg, and the output value was 1500 yuan. The annual output value of 667m2 was 6500 yuan.

The above are all the technical points of introducing stone ginseng in Meizhou City. The friend of medicine farmer who wants to plant stone ginseng can consider the reference problem in combination with the actual geographical environment!