Technology of raising cattle with Distiller's grains

Distiller's grains is the direct leftover in the process of brewing, it not only contains a certain proportion of grain can save the concentrate of feeding cattle, but also contains rich crude protein, which is 2 ~ 3 times higher than that of corn. at the same time, it also contains a variety of trace elements, vitamins, yeasts and so on, in which the content of lysine, methionine and tryptophan is also very high, which can not be provided by crop straw. Compared with crop straw, the biggest advantage of distiller's grains is to save grain; in addition, the coarse composition of distiller's grains is also higher. Because distiller's grains are all formed after high temperature cooking after fermentation, so its crude fiber content is low, so it is doomed that distiller's grains, as the main feed of cattle, has the characteristics of good palatability and easy digestion, and there is no maldigestion or incomplete digestion. but also can effectively prevent the occurrence of rumen dysentery in cattle.

Economic benefits of raising cattle with Distiller's grains

The main results are as follows: 1. Both distiller's grains and brewer's grains contain a certain amount of alcohol, and cattle are much more honest after eating than feeding straw, which is beneficial to lying down and ruminating after eating, and has the positive effect of promoting cattle fattening and shortening the rate of fattening. If you feed the cow with distiller's grains for about 20 to 30 days, you will find that the fur of the cow is brighter and softer, and it is no longer picky to eat.

2. The field test after slaughtering: the cattle fed with distiller's grains have better meat quality, fine fiber, bright color and toughness than those without, and the net meat percentage after slaughtering is about 3% to 5% higher than that under normal feeding conditions. if it is calculated by 8 cents after the slaughterhouse reaches the net meat slaughtering point, the extra income will be 0.24 ~ 0.4 yuan per jin. If the weight of a cow is more than 600 kg ~ 700 kg, the net profit of each cow is 300 ~ 600 yuan, and the economic benefit is considerable.

3. Distiller's grains resources are available in all counties and cities, and the price is very low. Through feeding practice, the author estimates that distiller's grains is about 3 ~ 5 cents per jin, brewer's grains is only about 10 cents per jin, while the price of ordinary silage corn straw fed to cattle is about 8 cents ~ 10 cents. Therefore, qualified cattle farmers or farmers might as well give it a try. It is worth mentioning that at the beginning of feeding cattle distiller's grains, some cattle may not want to eat. After a 3-5-day follow-up period, cattle will get used to the taste of distiller's grains. At this time, the proportion of distiller's grains and straw will be enough. On the other hand, feeding beer bad cattle does not have a smooth eating period in the past few days, and once they are fed to the cattle, they all like to eat it very much, which may be related to the natural fragrance of beer lees.

Nutritional composition of distiller's grains

Due to the different raw materials and processing technology, the nutrient content of distiller's grains varies greatly. The dry matter of distiller's grains made from corn, sorghum and potato contains 20% UV 25% crude protein and 11% Mel 17% crude fiber. The dry matter of corn-based distiller's grains contains crude protein 18, 4%, color 19, 4%, crude fat 5, 6%, crude fiber 14, 2, 18, 8, nitrogen-free extract, 51.7, 47, 9, ash, 6, 2, 25, 25, and 21, respectively. The content of protein, crude fiber, fat, vitamins and minerals in brewer's grains is similar to that of brewery cereals. Its crude protein content accounts for 22% of material weight, crude fat 6% Mel 8%, linoleic acid 34%, fluorine-free leachate 39% Mel 48%, crude fiber 14% Mel 18%, high phosphorus content, and the content of lysine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reaches 3Q 79%, methionine 079% and tryptophan 67%. The content of trace elements is insufficient. The disadvantage of distiller's grains is that it contains about 70% water, and it is easy to ferment itself and deteriorate, so it is best to feed it directly, or use the team gas storage method to store for a period of time before feeding. In the production, the fresh beer tank is often dehydrated to make dry brewer's grains and then used as feed.

Storage and preservation of distiller's grains

1. The inexhaustible lees should be dried on the cement floor, so that the water content can be reduced to about 15% for a long time. The disadvantage is that it needs a large site, which is not suitable for rainy weather, and it takes a long time to dry when the humidity in the air is high, and the loss of nutrition is about 50%.

2. The distiller's grains is compacted and sealed in the silage cellar or ammoniation pool which is not temporarily used by people, so as to create an anaerobic environment and inhibit the reproduction of most spoilage bacteria. Cellar generally choose the place where the water level is low, put a layer of hay or straw bag around the bottom and wall of the cellar, and use non-toxic plastic film or straw mat around it, then put the distiller's grains into the cellar and step on one layer until the cellar is full. Then cover the top of the distiller's grains with a layer of grass, cover the grass with plastic film, and cultivate the soil with a thickness of 3 meters. The top of the pit is in the shape of steamed bread, then covered with grass or plastic film and pressed with soil, especially around the cellar. The plastic film should be compacted and compacted with soil, watertight, non-leaking, and can be stored for a long time. The size of the cellar depends on the number of lees stored.

3. Use a non-toxic plastic film bag washed, put the lees into the bag and step on it layer by layer, fasten the mouth of the bag tightly, keep the air and water tight, and store it in a place of low temperature and shelter from light. The storage temperature is below 4 ℃ in summer cellar type and 10 ℃ in pile type, and 10 ℃ in cylinder type and bag type in spring and autumn.

4. With reference to the method of straw microstorage, 330 kg of straw or hay as short as 3 cm long is mixed into the distiller's grains with a water content of 70% per ton, and 330 kg of straw or hay is mixed into the distiller's grains of 80% per ton. According to the operating rules of live dry bacteria for straw fermentation, each bag of seedling agent is used to treat 1 ton of lees, layered cellar loading, spraying and compaction, and then evenly remove a little salt powder (250 grams per square meter) on the top layer, and then press the practical film sealing cover soil, and the shelf life can reach 912 months.

The method of raising cattle with distiller's grains

1. When feeding cattle with distiller's grains, it should increase gradually from less to more, and then feed them according to the quantity after 10 minutes and 15 days. The daily feeding amount of each cow is 7-8 kg, and the daily feeding of calves accounts for about 40% of the concentrate. The effect of shelf cattle is 30%, 35%. Under normal circumstances, the feeding of fresh distiller's grains does not exceed 10% of the diet. Feed on distiller's grains, no more than 6% of the diet, 8% of the diet, to avoid causing cow acidosis and other diseases.

2. the method of degrading distiller's grains is to crush the wet material that has just left the factory. Add 50 kg corn, 25 kg soybean meal, 10 kg feed special calcium dihydrogen phosphate, "roughage degradant" (main raw materials are compound enzyme preparation, integrate trace elements, auxiliaries, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, carrier) 2 packets, 3 kg of salt, 1 kg of brown sugar or white sugar. After mixing, it is loaded into a large cylinder or pool, and then compacted and sealed (100% water content) for fermentation. It can be fermented for more than 24 hours in summer and more than 3 days in winter and spring. The amount of degraded lees is controlled at about 25%, and the fermented lees will be breathable for about 1 hour before feeding. The concentrate formula is to degrade 30% of brewer's grains, 21% of corn meal, 5% of soybean meal, 14% of cotton meal, 15% of corn silage straw, 13% of hay, 1% of premix, 3% of salt, 15% of baking soda, 2% of calcium hydrogen phosphate or 2% of bone powder.

3. According to the nutritional composition and characteristics of different distillers' grains, the diets of cattle should be matched reasonably so as to give full play to their advantages. Distiller's grains is rich in crude protein, but its nutrition is not comprehensive enough in Heping Street, and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus is not suitable. The organic acid can form insoluble calcium salt with calcium and affect the absorption of calcium, so calcium should be supplemented when feeding distiller's grains. It is recommended that bone powder account for 2% of the dietary concentrate, vitamin An and vitamin D3 should be added to the concentrate, and lactating cows within one month after delivery should not be fed or only a small amount of distiller's grains should be fed. Otherwise, the recovery of reproductive system will be delayed and the breeding will be adversely affected.

Matters needing attention in raising cattle with distiller's grains

1. Regular and quantitative feeding. Feeding twice a day in spring and winter, bad at 6:30 in the morning, drinking warm water at noon, and bad at 4pm. It's bad at 5 o'clock in the morning in autumn, drinking warm water at noon and worse at 4:30 in the evening. In summer, it is bad at 4 o'clock in the morning and 6:30 in the evening. Drink clean cold water twice at noon. At the beginning of fattening, each head was fed with 4 kg of fresh distiller's grains per day, 6 kg in the middle stage and 5.5 kg in the later stage.

2. Add and mix frequently. When feeding, you should add less frequently and mix as you eat.

3. When feeding distiller's grains, it should be increased gradually from less to more, and then fed according to the quantity after the cattle are used to eating.

4. Observe frequently to prevent poisoning. In addition to nutrients, distiller's grains are more likely to contain toxic substances due to the poor quality of raw materials. Therefore, special attention should be paid when feeding lees to prevent the occurrence of poisoning.

5. the amount of feeding should not be too large, too much distiller's grains for a long time can easily cause diseases such as excessive acid in the stomach of beef cattle, rumen swelling and so on.

6. Prevent vitamin ad deficiency. Attention should be paid to the addition of vitamins an and d3 to the concentrate to ensure the rapid growth of cattle.