Rapid fattening technique of Beef cattle

Rapid fattening of beef cattle, also known as straight-line fattening, is the main fattening method for the production of high-quality and high-grade segmented beef. On the basis of heterosis, with the goal of replacing high-grade imported beef, comprehensive matching techniques are adopted for its hybrid generation through early feeding of calves, early weaning, early cutting, and continuous high-level diets according to all stages of their growth and development from infancy, so as to make them grow rapidly and fatten with intensity. Reach the slaughtering standard at the age of 30 months, and achieve high quality and high efficiency.

Fattening cattle selection

The main results are as follows: 1. the goal of variety fattening is "snowflake" high-quality beef, and the market is positioned as high-end consumer groups such as Western-style steak and Japanese barbecue. Qinchuan cattle, Angus cattle and cattle should be selected as the first choice, and cattle and Holstein should be selected. Followed by Angus cattle, Qinchuan cattle and their hybrids. The fattening goal is high-quality red beef, which is fat-free between muscles. The market is located in hot pot, Chinese food and beverage, mid-range Western-style steak. Limousin, Simandar, Qinchuan cattle, Charolais, dairy bulls and their hybrids should be selected.

2. Sex and age bulls or unbred females castrated before 6 months of age shall be no later than 10 months at the latest.

Fattening period feeding

The main results are as follows: 1. The transition period (2-4 months, 6-10 months): the fattening transition period of beef cattle is mainly the recovery after the stress of deworming, epidemic prevention, cutting and grouping, the adjustment of gastrointestinal function, the gradual transition from calf feed to fattening cattle diet, the transition from concentrate restricted feeding to free feeding, and adapt to the new environment and feeding management mode as soon as possible. Still give priority to high-quality green hay, feed freely, feed a small amount of distiller's grains, and do not feed silage. Fattening in the large-scale fattening farm has not been completed due to the individual differences of newly purchased cattle and the cutting of cattle during the observation period, the fattening has been postponed, but not less than 10 months old. The feeding plan should follow the "Beef cattle feeding Standard", calculate the diet according to body weight and daily gain 1.2kg, supplement concentrate formula with protein raw materials such as cottonseed meal and rapeseed cake instead of full-fat milk powder in calf feed, concentrate formula level CP16~18%, NEM 7.2 MJ / kg, NE 4.54 MJ / kg, feed intake reached 1.0-1.2% of body weight, accounting for 30% of diet.

2. The early fattening period (4 ~ 6 months, 11 ~ 18 months old): the early fattening period is also the growth and fattening period, at this stage, the growth and development of beef cattle is the fastest, and the relative growth intensity is high, with emphasis on promoting the growth of bone, viscera and muscle. adapt to concentrate feeding as soon as possible, concentrate forage at 1:1 at 16 months old. Diets should be rich in protein, minerals and vitamins. The coarse fodder is hay, wheat straw, silage and distiller's grains, in which hay and wheat straw are eaten freely, and silage and distiller's grains are restricted. Concentrate supplement CP14~16%, NEm 7.99 megajoules / kg, Eg5.08 megajoules / kg, concentrate feed free intake, accounting for 1.5% of body weight, accounting for about 50% of diet. At the age of 14 months, barley or wheat was used to replace part of the corn, and the daily gain was 1.0 kg.

3. In the middle fattening period (4 ~ 6 months, 19 ~ 24 months old): in the middle fattening period, the bones, muscles and body drive of beef cattle gradually improved, and fat was deposited in viscera and abdominal cavity. Rough feeding is mainly straw wheat or rice straw, daily feeding rate is 1.0 ~ 1.5 kg / head, no green feed such as silage and hay, stop feeding distiller's grains, control coarse forage intake. Supplement formula CP12~14%, Nem7.33 megajoules / kg, neg 4.66 megajoules / kg, free feeding, feed intake reached 2.0 / 2.2% of body weight, accounting for about 60 / 75% of diet.

4. In the late fattening stage (6 ~ 8 months, 25 ~ 32 months old): in the later fattening stage, that is, the fattening mature stage, the daily gain decreased significantly, mainly by hoarding fat, increasing fat amount and fat density among muscle fibers, improving beef quality and increasing the proportion of high-quality and high-grade meat. The coarse forage grass is single wheat grass, and the daily feed intake is controlled at 1-3 kg / head. Concentrate CP10%, NEm 7.06 megajoules / kg, neg 4.28 megajoules / kg, free feeding, so that the proportion of concentrate accounts for 70% of the dry matter of the diet, and the daily feed is maintained to about 1.8% of the body weight, accounting for about 80% of the diet. Barley or wheat is the main energy feed in the diet, the proportion of corn in concentrate feed is controlled, green forage grass and VA are prohibited, VE and VD are properly increased 60-90 days before going out to improve the quality and color of meat.

Fattening period management

1. Fencing: full exercise space is given in the growth stage before 12 months of age to promote growth and development. From the purchase of farmers, the isolation and observation stage at the initial stage of entry should be completed, such as numbering, deworming, epidemic prevention, castration and so on.

2. Group feeding: at the age of 6 months or so, according to individual growth and development, the animals were divided into groups according to age, animal type, body weight and body condition (1520 heads / group). At the end of the fattening period, or about 12 months old, complete the transition from a large group to a small group fence, and then no longer group, group and transfer in the fattening process to avoid unnecessary stress and affect growth and development. A small group of 6-8 heads is appropriate until the exit of the fence remains stable, and the small fence only does not enter. Grouping, grouping and transfer must be carried out in the evening, after the herd is quiet, the technicians can only leave after observing nothing abnormal head by head, and immediately turn off the lights to keep the darkness and reduce fighting.

3. Set up files: weigh and measure the body size regularly for 2 months, which is combined with epidemic prevention, transfer and other work, and should be carried out in the transfer or column channel. Establish individual files of fattening cattle, and take this as a basis to test the effect of feeding and management, adjust the diet formula in time, strengthen cost accounting and improve the level of management.

4. Free drinking water: keep water in the sink for 24 hours and clean the sink at least once a week. Automatic drinking bowls are installed outside the fence in a large-scale fattening farm, which can keep clean and hygienic for a long time, and is easy to clean and free of cross-contamination.

5. Deworming and disease prevention: albendazole was taken orally at a dose of 6mg / kg body weight during the transitional period of observation and fattening. The in vitro parasite can be killed with 2-4% permethrin, and when the weather is clear, the shower can not only kill parasites such as body surface ticks, but also avoid mosquitoes and flies. Or intramuscular injection of broad-spectrum and highly effective antiparasitic drugs, such as avermectin and ivermectin, with a dosage of 0.02 ml / kg body weight. After 3 days of deworming, clear the circle and strengthen the stomach.

6. Dietary replacement: the replacement of forage and feed species must have a transition time of 7 to 15 days in order to adapt to the adjustment, cultivation and establishment of rumen microbial strains. That is to say, in the first three days of replacement, the original forage feed is not less than 2 beat 3, the new forage or feed is not more than 1 beat 3, after an interval of 2 to 3 days, then increase the feeding amount of 1 beat 4 or 1 beat 3 new forage feed, correspondingly reduce the original forage feed and gradually replace it, and the transition time is appropriate for 15 days. Observe feces frequently during the transition period of forage replacement and make appropriate adjustments, but not less than 7 days.

7. Hygiene management: keep the barn dry and hygienic, clean the barn before entering, spray and disinfect it thoroughly with 2-4% caustic soda, and keep it for at least a week after drying. Depending on the thickness, dry and wet condition of cow dung, the thickness of cow dung in small enclosure is not more than 15cm, and it can be cleaned once a month in summer.

8. Timely observation: technicians must insist on inspection in the morning and evening, combined with breeders' observation at any time. Food intake, ruminating, spirit and feces were observed. Diseased cattle should be isolated in time and raised separately for treatment. If there is gas, foul smell of feces and undigested concentrate, you should adjust the diet, reduce the supply, or stop increasing the concentrate.