Efficient breeding techniques of Luxi Yellow cattle

Luxi yellow cattle are herbivorous ruminants, belonging to the genus Artiodactyla of mammals. Luxi yellow cattle is famous for its large body drive, stable genetic performance, strong pulling force, resistance to rough feeding, suitable management, dry and elastic skin and dual use of meat. Before the 1980s, it was an important service cattle for local farmers, and it was an important means of production at that time, and then withdrew with the gradual popularization of agricultural mechanization. Luxi yellow cattle is tall, well-developed forebody, well-developed muscle, strong physique, well-proportioned structure, strong adaptability, thin skin, high meat yield, fresh and tender meat, fat evenly distributed among muscle fibers, forming obvious marbling. Known as "five flowers and three layers of meat", Luxi yellow cattle is one of the famous beef breeds in the world, and has been included in the list of national livestock and poultry genetic resources key protection varieties.

Breeding and Management of Luxi Yellow cattle

1. The selection of breeding bulls: the breeding bulls of Luxi yellow cattle are generally selected from 6 to 8-month-old bulls. The selected bull requires big physique, strong physique, strong head and large neck; big eyes, big and sensitive ears, big mouth and fast feeding; exuberant spirit, broad chest, straight waist, broad buttocks; rear gear has appropriate gap, good at walking, stable when climbing; two testicles develop symmetrically, no cryptorchidism, no defects in the reproductive system, no disease, exuberant libido, in line with the characteristics of this breed. The normal growth and development and breeding life of breeding bulls are directly related to feeding management, especially in infancy.

2. Breeding time of breeding bull: the breeding age of breeding bull must be more than 1.5 years old, and it is necessary to master the appropriate utilization intensity. Generally speaking, breeder bulls at the age of 1.5 should be bred twice a week, 2 bulls should be bred twice a week, 2 bulls should be bred twice a week, 3 bulls should be bred 3 times a week at the age of 3 to 7 years old, and bulls should be selected for succession at the age of 7 to 8 years old.

3. Feed for breeder bulls: according to the characteristics of nutritional needs of breeder bulls, feed should be nutritious, palatable, digestible, concentrate, roughage and green fodder should be matched reasonably, diet volume should not be too large, and poor quality roughage should be fed less. so as not to cause malnutrition. Feed three times a day, each time first with grass or hay, and then with concentrate. Concentrate 0.4-0.6 kg per kilogram of body weight per day. The mixture of bulls with concentrate is roughly 30% of barley and corn, 35% of bran bran, 25% of bean cake and cruller, 5% of fish meal and blood meal, 3% of bone meal and 2% of salt.

4. Epidemic prevention of breeding bulls: in accordance with the requirements of the Animal epidemic Prevention Law of the people's Republic of China and supporting laws and regulations, and combined with the actual local conditions, selective vaccination of epidemic diseases shall be carried out, and attention should be paid to the selection of appropriate vaccines, immunization procedures and immunization methods. At least 2 times of anthrax vaccine and 2 times of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine are required every year.

Feeding Management of breeding cows in Luxi Yellow cattle

The reserve cow refers to the cow that the calf is ready to leave for breeding after birth. A good cow, first of all, if the hindquarters are well developed. Good hindquarters of the cow, pelvic development is good, conducive to fetal growth and production. In addition, it should have the characteristics of straight back and waist, elegant head, broad and long face, straight and strong limbs, well-developed breasts, large belly and not sagging.

The daily management of breeder cows is basically the same as that of breeder bulls, except that they are different in feed.

During the sexual maturity of the cow, in addition to giving excellent forage, green hay, silage and succulent feed, some formula feed must be supplemented properly. Starting from the age of 9-10 months, some straw and grain bran roughage can be mixed, accounting for 30% and 40% of the total roughage.

During pregnancy, cows should be fed mainly roughage and succulent feed, which accounts for about 75% of the total diet, and the remaining 25% is compound feed to supplement the deficiency of energy and protein.

Management of calving period of Luxi Yellow cattle

The lactation period of Luxi yellow cattle is usually 6 months, and the calf period refers to the calf from birth to 6 months old. Because beef calves are generally raised separately in farm households, and the amount of beef calves in each household is small, extensive management is often adopted, which misses the best opportunity for weight gain in the calf stage. Now let's take a look at the management of Luxi yellow cattle calf period.

1. Early supplementary feeding: early supplementary feeding is to supplement feed to calves as soon as possible. After the calf is born, generally rely on breastfeeding, within one month after the calf is born, breast milk can still meet the growth and development needs of the calf, but a month later, the nutrition of breast milk alone can no longer meet its growth needs, at this time, it must be replenished in time. 6-month-old calves without supplementary feeding generally weigh 100 to 120 kilograms, while those fed with supplementary feeding can weigh 160 to 180 kilograms. A 1-month-old calf can basically eat a mixture of hay and concentrate. With the increase of calf intake, adequate drinking water must be ensured. When the calf grows to 60 days, it begins to feed silage.

2. Exercise and grazing: from 8 to 10 days after birth, calves generally take the way of calf free movement, giving calves a certain amount of space, and they will run a few laps when they want to exercise. If the calf is born in a warm season, you can do the following sports outdoors every day, and if it is a cold winter, you must move indoors to prevent the calf from getting sick from the wind.

3. Brushing: in the calf period, because the barn breeding method is basically used, the cow's skin will be contaminated by feces and dust to form dirt, which not only reduces the heat preservation and heat dissipation of the fur, but also worsens the blood circulation of the skin. and easy to get sick, so brush the calf every day.

4. Clean the enclosure: clean thoroughly, faeces should be cleaned in time, and the ground should be free from water in summer and ice in winter.

5. Disinfection: disinfection is an important measure to purify the environment. In order to improve the sanitary conditions of the calf barn and its surrounding environment, it is necessary to develop the habit of regular disinfection. Calf enclosure disinfection must also place the calf, and then start disinfection in the roll, disinfection should be thorough, including disinfection of surrounding walls, floors, fences and other facilities. Only in this way can the calf shed be kept clean and pathogens eliminated. 84 disinfectant can be used for disinfection. 84 disinfectant is a highly efficient disinfectant based on sodium hypochlorite, which can kill a variety of bacteria. 84 disinfectant has certain irritation and corrosiveness and must be diluted before it can be used. The general dilution concentration is 2/1000 to 5/1000, that is, 2 to 5 milliliters of 84 disinfectants are put in 1000 milliliters of water. When disinfecting the barn and the surrounding environment, pour the diluted disinfectant into the sprayer and spray every corner evenly with the sprayer.

6. injection of antidysentery vaccine: dysentery is the easiest disease for calves to get. After calves are born, due to unhygienic lactation, licking dirt, drinking dirty water, being cold, etc., they are very easy to be infected with Escherichia coli or salmonella, and can cause enteritis and dysentery with symptoms of septicemia. When the calf is 1 month old, it is very necessary to get an injection to stop dysentery. The vaccine should be purchased from a regular veterinarian and injected according to the dosage in the instructions.

7. Injection of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine: foot-and-mouth disease is an acute, febrile and contagious infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus infection. Animals suffering from foot-and-mouth disease will have symptoms such as fever, claudication and vesicular rash on skin and skin mucous membrane. Malignant foot-and-mouth disease can also cause heart paralysis and rapid death of sick animals. When the calf grows to 8 months, it is necessary to get a shot of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, which is the dosage in the reference manual.

Management of fattening period of Luxi Yellow cattle

There is a rule in the growth of Luxi yellow cattle, that is, from one year old to one and a half years old, they enter a period of rapid growth. The period from one year old to one and a half years old is the most rapid stage of growth and development. if carefully raised, it can be fattened quickly in a short period of time. So one year old to one and a half years old is also called rapid fattening period.

Luxi yellow cattle grow to about 1 year old, the body is strong, resistance is also strong, at this time the barn can be changed to a relatively simple fence. The construction of the fence should be in the north-south direction, which is conducive to receiving sunlight. There is a rain canopy above the fence to shield the wind and rain. There are food troughs and sinks in the fence, and fattening cattle are not tied up in the fence, they are kept loose, feed freely, drink freely and move freely.

The fattening density is relatively high, with an average area of 4 square meters to 5 square meters per cow. This fattening method is not only easy to operate, but also improves management efficiency. Traditional barn farming can only manage 15 to 20 cattle per person, while fattening with fences can manage 200 to 300 cattle per person.

Fattening adapted to the habits of Luxi yellow cattle, reduced the stimulation of environmental changes, thus increased food intake, water intake, daily gain and carcass quality.

1. Fattening precursors

Beef cattle often come into contact with the ground because they feed on roughage and forage, so it is easy to be infected with various nematodes in the digestive tract and parasites such as lice, mites, ticks and maggots in vitro. After the cattle were slightly to moderately infected with parasites, the feed conversion rate was affected, mainly due to the decrease of appetite and the utilization rate of absorbed protein and energy, as well as the carcass quality and weight gain, which further affected the economic benefits of beef cattle breeding. For this reason, beef cattle must be dewormed before fattening.

Deworming drugs can choose anti-parasite drugs such as coccidia, press the drugs into pieces and mix them evenly in the feed. Deworming should be carried out on an empty stomach in beef cattle. It is best to stop eating for several hours before administration and only give drinking water to facilitate drug absorption and improve efficacy. Deworming is best arranged in the afternoon or at night, and cattle are excreted during the second day to facilitate collection and treatment. After deworming, beef cattle should be kept in isolation for 2 weeks, and their feces should be disinfected and treated innocuously.

2. Feed preparation during fattening period

Beef cattle during the fattening period are mainly fed with silage and fattened with a little green hay and concentrate. Attention should be paid to the quality of silage. Moldy and deteriorated silage cannot be fed to cattle, because the protein content in silage is relatively low, only about 2%. So it must be matched with protein feed such as cotton meal.

Cottonseed meal is a by-product of cottonseed oil extraction, generally contains 32-37% crude protein, lysine and methionine content are low, 1.48% and 0.54% respectively, arginine content is too high, up to 3.6-3.8%. Cottonseed meal degrades slowly in rumen and is a good source of protein feed for beef cattle.

In addition to increasing the use of cottonseed meal, cornmeal and wheat bran that beef cattle are used to eat are also essential every day. Cottonseed meal, corn meal and wheat bran are collectively referred to as concentrate. The proportion of concentrate is 60% of cottonseed meal, 25% of corn meal and 15% of wheat bran.

The first 15 days of beef cattle entering the fence is the adaptation period, which is mainly to make the cattle familiar with the new environment, adapt to the new forage conditions, eliminate the stress reaction caused by transportation, and restore the physical strength and weight of the cattle. With the recovery of cattle physical strength, the proportion of concentrate gradually increased, and the proportion of concentrate was 30%. After 20 days, the proportion of concentrate in the diet increased from 30% to 60%, and the proportion of coarse feed decreased from 70% to 40%. The main task of this period is to make cattle gradually adapt to concentrate diet and prevent the occurrence of diseases such as bulging, diarrhea and acidosis. During the fattening period of 30 to 40 days, the proportion of concentrate in the diet further increased to 70% to 85%, and the proportion of concentrate decreased from 40% to 15% to 30%. During this period, the daily gain can reach two to three jin. In order for cattle to eat a large amount of concentrate, it is possible to increase the frequency of feeding and drinking water during this period. After each feed, about half an hour or so, clean the sink and replace it with fresh water.

3. Brush

It is very important to brush the beef cattle during the fattening period. The cattle should be brushed twice a day for 5 to 10 minutes each time, from front to back and from top to bottom. Why is it very important to brush? This is because brushing is not only to keep it clean, but also to brush the whole body of cattle, which can promote blood circulation and prevent fat deposition. Experienced farmers say that beef cattle that are often brushed can grow marbled meat.

4. Keep hygienic

Because there are a large number of cattle in the bullpen, we should clean it more frequently and keep it clean and hygienic. At around 90 o'clock every morning, the fattening cattle automatically turn to the sunny place, when the keeper cleans up the droppings in the shade and keeps the barn dry.

5. Fire alkali disinfection

Fire alkali is a cheap, disinfectant drug that dissolves it into a 2% to 4% solution that kills reproductive bacteria and viruses. 10% solution kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 24 hours, and anthrax spores in 10 minutes. Therefore, caustic soda is often used to disinfect the barn, usually once a week.

After two to three months of fattening, beef cattle can reach 500 kilograms. The quality and output of high-grade beef are closely related to the body weight of cattle, the live weight before slaughter is less than 500 kilograms, and the beef is juicy. Marble texture structure and tenderness can not reach the level of high-grade beef, losing economic significance.