Prevention and treatment of Bovine Gastrointestinal Diseases

The main gastrointestinal diseases in cattle breeding are esophageal infarction, forestomach relaxation, rumen qi (commonly known as bloating belly), rumen accumulation, traumatic reticulitis, valvular obstruction, gastroenteritis and pericarditis and so on.

Esophageal infarction

1. Causes and symptoms: it is caused by the sudden ingestion of large lumps of feed in the esophagus, such as carrots, sweet potatoes or unbroken and soft cakes. Sudden loss of appetite, straightening of head and neck, salivation, coughing, constant chewing accompanied by swallowing, head shaking and panic. It can be divided into two cases: anterior esophagus and thoracic esophageal obstruction. Anterior esophageal obstruction can be felt on the side of the neck, while chest obstruction can be diagnosed by the fluctuating sensation of saliva in the esophagus.

2. Treatment: mainly to expel esophageal obstruction in time to make it unobstructed. This includes the method of removing the obstruction from the mouth (pushing the obstruction into the mouth and then taking it out of the mouth with one person's hand). Feeding method: the chest esophageal obstruction is pushed down into the stomach with an esophageal probe. Aeration: insert the gastric catheter into the esophagus and then pump air or push the obstruction at the same time. Forced exercise: tie the cow's head to the forelimb system, and then force the cow to exercise for 20 to 30 minutes to promote the blockage into the rumen with the help of neck muscle movement.

3, prevention: mainly feed processing standardization, root feed processing to reach a certain degree of fragmentation can eradicate the disease.

Forestomach relaxation

In cattle, the stomach wall of the forestomach contracted weakly, and the excitability was weakened or lacking.

1. Causes and symptoms: long-term feeding of coarse, hard and indigestible feed; overeating of thick, poor quality, moldy and deteriorating dregs; lack of exercise, lack of vitamins and minerals; secondary to rumen accumulated food, dampness, traumatic reticulitis, production paralysis and so on. Early stage: loss of appetite, stomach peristalsis or loss, ruminating times decreased and stopped in the later stage, intermittent bloating. In the later stage, black stool, dry mass, mucus, stench, sometimes dry and sparse occur alternately, showing the symptoms of acidosis. Most of the patients who have not been cured for a long time turn to enteritis and brown loose stool.

2, treatment: for the excretion of forestomach contents, use a diarrhea inhibitor, such as sodium sulfate, alcohol, fish stone fat or soybean oil 1000 ml. In order to strengthen forestomach peristalsis, you can throw up potassium antimony tartrate and Fanmubetin, together with rumen massage and traction exercise. When showing symptoms of acidosis, grape bran salt water, sodium bicarbonate and Anna plus intravenous injection can be used.

Rumen dyspnea (commonly known as bloating belly)

The main reason is that the intake of a large amount of fermentable feed by cattle leads to the production of a large amount of gas, the obstruction of belching and the rapid excessive expansion of rumen.

1. Causes and symptoms: the primary reason is mainly due to the intake of a large amount of fermentable feed, such as grazing or house feeding a large number of green and succulent forage, especially legume forage, or eating spoilage feed in early spring. It is caused by esophageal obstruction, relaxation and obstruction of valve stomach, true gastric ulcer and torsion, traumatic reticular gastritis and so on. In general, the onset is acute, the abdominal circumference increases rapidly, the left fossa is the most obvious, percussion is drumming, and the rumen peristalsis of auscultation increases at the initial stage, then weakens, or even disappears.

2. Treatment: the main treatment is to expel rumen gas and stop fermentation, combined with systemic therapy such as infusion. When the disease is mild, the cow can be led to the slope where the front is high and the back is low, raising the head of the cow to induce belching with hands and tongue and massaging the rumen with fists. When seriously ill, rumen puncture and outgassing can be performed slowly to prevent the occurrence of cerebral anemia, and cardiotonic drugs can be injected before operation. Oral antifermentation drugs can be taken 0.5 hours after outgassing. Such as: fish stone fat, alcohol, castor oil, fennel oil, can be used concentrated salt water, intravenous injection of Annaga, stimulate gastrointestinal function.

Rumen accumulated food

The rumen is excessively full of feed, exceeding the normal volume, the stomach wall is dilated, the nerve is paralyzed, and the rumen motor function disappears and cannot operate.

The main results are as follows: 1. Causes and symptoms: excessive roughage, good palatability of feed mutation, eating too much after excessive hunger, and eating too quickly. Secondary to forestomach relaxation, valvular stomach obstruction, traumatic reticular gastritis, true stomach displacement, volvulus and so on. Early appetite, ruminating, belching decreased or stopped, depressed, restless, arched back kicking abdomen and other abnormal posture. The abdomen is enlarged and the left side is full, the rumen contents are hard by palpation, and there are impressions left by hand. If there are no complications, the body temperature is not high, the breathing is tense and fast, the heartbeat is accelerated, and the patient is in a coma and visual disorder when acidosis occurs.

2. Treatment: fast for 1-2 days, but do not limit drinking water. After the appearance of appetite and ruminating, gradually feed less soft forage grass. Promote rumen peristalsis, on the one hand, traction exercise, on the other hand, rumen massage 3-4 times a day, 0.5 hours each time. Combined with drug therapy is mainly diarrhea, followed by the promotion of rumen movement. Sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate is made of 8%-10% aqueous solution, each time 500-800 grams or castor oil. Sodium bicarbonate was injected intravenously for rumen acidosis.

Traumatic reticular gastritis

With feed intake and ingestion of sharp foreign bodies, such as wire heads, nails (needles), etc., stabbing the reticular stomach causes reticular gastritis.

1. Causes and symptoms: excessive feeding, insufficient chewing, foreign body swallowing with feed, sinking into the reticulum, causing damage to the wall of the reticulum. When bovine delivery in the third trimester of pregnancy, rumen expansion, increased abdominal pressure and other foreign body puncture, penetrate the reticulum stomach wall, through the diaphragm to the pericarditis caused by pericarditis. Before the foreign body stabbed the gastric wall, there were no clinical symptoms, but after stabbing the wall, the symptoms suddenly appeared, the number of appetite and ruminating decreased, the milk production decreased suddenly, and the rumen peristalsis was weak or disappeared. The spirit is highly depressed, most of the sick cows stand still, and their elbow muscles tremble. They are very careful and moan and grind their teeth when they have to lie down. Palpation of the reticular stomach showed obvious pain, and the sick cattle dodged. When walking on a slope, the uphill is quick and the downhill is careful. When the foreign body penetrates the reticular stomach for 2 or 3 days, the body temperature can rise to 40 ℃, the stool is dry, the amount is small and black, there is mucus on the surface, and sometimes occult blood is found. Shortness of breath, shallow and fast pulse, shivering all over, emaciation quickly.

2. Treatment: give priority to prevention, but there is no effective treatment in medicine. Magnets can be put into the stomach when the calf is 6 months old, and foreign bodies can be sucked out at the appropriate time. In the case of "white pollution" Yan Sheng, plastic products (such as nylon rope, film, woven bags, etc.) should be included in the prevention of foreign bodies. At present, the harm caused by it is quite serious, and the symptom is reticulum blockage.

Valvular stomach obstruction

Due to forestomach dysfunction, the contractile force of the valvular stomach is weakened, the contents are retained, and the water is absorbed and dried up. It often occurs in winter and spring.

1. Causes and symptoms: a large number of hard and dirty grains, bran and frozen fodder with unclean sediment were eaten, and the amount of drinking water was insufficient. Secondary to the forestomach retardation, rumen accumulation of food, true stomach obstruction, volvulus and other diseases. The initial stage is similar to general dyspepsia. After 1 week of the disease, the body temperature increased, drinking, eating, desire and ruminating stopped, and the nose was dry, non-sweating and even cracked, accompanied by groans. Defecation reduction is intractable constipation, counting plate beads or chestnut-like dry stool, with mucus.

2. Treatment: it is appropriate to increase gastric peristalsis and soften the dry and hard content to promote its excretion. Use liquid paraffin, castor oil, concentrated salt water, glucose solution and Annaga intravenous injection. Magnesium sulfate liquid, liquid paraffin and fish stone fat can also be injected into the valve stomach under the guidance of the doctor.

3. Summary of the method: take the horizontal money at the shoulder end between the ribs and the anterior edge of the ribs on the right side. After shearing and disinfection, use a 10-15 cm needle to pierce vertically with the skin. When the needle enters the valvular stomach, there is resistance and a sense of hardness, and the end of the needle moves or swings in a circle. For the sake of accuracy, the first injection of distilled water has high resistance, and the needle is pulled out immediately after the injection. if grass shavings are mixed in the extract, it can be proved that the needle has been pierced into the valve stomach, and then injected.

Transposition of true stomach

The true stomach is located on the right side of the 8th to 11th rib arch slightly upward, leaving this position is a transposition. In most cases, it was moved into the left lower abdomen through the ventral base.

1. Causes and symptoms: during pregnancy, because the enlarged uterus lifts the rumen from the abdominal floor and pushes the true stomach forward to the left to the lower part of the rumen, after delivery, the gravity is suddenly lifted and the diseased stomach sinks, while the true stomach cannot immediately return to its original position, resulting in the occurrence of the disease, which is related to abomasal relaxation. The diseased cattle have loss of appetite, digestive disorder and less mushy feces. The obvious sign is ketonuria, but the blood sugar is normal. The right lumbar fossa is sunken, the left abdomen is dilated under the 11th costal arch, and the hindlimb steps and kicks the abdomen. Direct examination showed that the rumen knapsack shifted to the center, while the right side was empty without pressure.

2. Treatment: the disease should be treated by a veterinarian with surgery, and the drug is not very effective.

Gastroenteritis

Divided into primary gastroenteritis and secondary gastroenteritis.

1. Causes and symptoms: the primary cause is caused by poor feed quality (spoilage, mildew, deterioration, root tuber with sediment and frost). There are improper feeding management, such as: sudden changes in feed, uneven hunger and satiety, disruption of feeding order, etc., resulting in digestive disorders, reduction of digestive juices, abnormal fermentation in the stomach and intestines. Secondary cases are more common in forestomach relaxation, traumatic reticular gastritis, uterine inflammation, mastitis and so on. Most of them are sudden, severe and persistent diarrhea. Appetite, ruminant weakening, thirst increased, showing abdominal pain, skin temperature is not correct, ear horn root and extremities slightly cool. The body temperature increases at the beginning of the disease, the intestinal sound is exuberant, becomes weak in the later stage, the eye socket sinks quickly during defecation incontinence, dehydration, weakness of limbs, difficult to stand up, showing symptoms of acidosis.

2. Treatment: drug treatment should first consider the use of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs (should be isolated if infectious is suspected). Such as chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, berberine, sulfamethoxazole, artificial salt. Use the cardioprotective drug Anaga or sodium camphor sulfonate at the same time. Supplement glucose and salt water when the body is dehydrated. Use anti-acidosis drugs if necessary.

pericarditis

The secondary symptom of traumatic reticular gastritis is caused by foreign body piercing into the pericardium through the septum.

1. Causes and symptoms: the initial stage is basically the same as reticular gastritis, mostly caused by the late stage of delivery and labor to promote the foreign body to pierce forward into the pericardium. The body temperature increased at 39.5-41 ℃, the rib muscles trembled, the elbows were abduction, and the heart sound was shallow and fast, generally at 100-120 times, and the highest was 140 times. Arrhythmia, obvious murmur, especially friction sound is easy to distinguish. The jugular vein soon swelled angrily and became corded. Due to the development of the disease, blood circulation disorders, meat droop and subjaw and other parts of edema. During auscultation, I felt the sound of heart sound moving far away and heard the sound of beating water.

2. Treatment: there is no good treatment at present. The only effective way is to prevent and strengthen feeding management, remove foreign bodies in feed, and block possible sources of foreign bodies. Early introduction of magnet pads or regular absorption of foreign bodies (but also ineffective for non-metallic foreign bodies).