Feed Formula Design of Dairy Cow

As an important herbivore in animal husbandry, dairy cows are basically fed individually, which are different from concentrate-type pigs and birds. The forage and other non-concentrate feed components (silage, rhizome and dregs) in the diet of dairy cows are very important and account for a certain proportion of the diet. Let's take a look at the feed formula design of dairy cows.

Design of Feed Formula for Reserve Dairy Cow

The purpose of raising reserve dairy cows is to make them reach a suitable body weight in a suitable time (for example, the 2-year-old weight of black and white dairy cows is about 340kg), so as to lay a good foundation for further breeding, reproduction and milk production. In order to achieve this goal, there are many influencing factors, but a reasonable diet formula is very important. therefore, in addition to the general principles, we should also pay attention to the following points when designing the reserve diet for dairy cows.

1. Find out the type, age and weight of the growing cow, and estimate the daily gain needed to reach the specified weight within the specified age. From the diet formula design to ensure that cows can be in estrus as scheduled, but also will not be too fat and affect the future reproduction and milk production.

2. Adequate green fodder should be ensured in the diet. The exact amount of nutrients that can be provided to growing dairy cows by green fodder and roughage is estimated.

3. Pay attention to the ratio of concentrate to coarse feed. If the proportion of coarse material is higher than 60% or less than 40%, attention should be paid to adjustment. On the premise of ensuring that the reserve cows achieve the expected daily gain, the proportion of coarse feed can be appropriately higher.

Design of Feed formulation for producing Dairy cows

Milk production is the main purpose of raising dairy cows, how to give full play to its milk production potential on the premise of ensuring the health of dairy cows, the design of its diet formula is very critical, and special attention should be paid to the following aspects when designing the diet formula of dairy cows.

1. The age, parity and milk production stage of dairy cows must be mastered before designing the formula. Because the nutrition needs of dairy cows vary greatly among different ages, parities and milk production stages, in order to ensure that they reach an ideal milk production level and healthy body, their nutrition supply must be treated separately. Such as in the first and second lactation period, the cow in addition to milk production, the body has not yet reached adult weight, so the nutritional level should be appropriately higher.

2. During the peak period of milk production of high-yield dairy cows, the proportion and nutrient concentration of concentrate supplement should be increased to maintain a high level of milk yield, but attention should also be paid to prevent nutritional metabolic diseases caused by abnormal rumen metabolism in dairy cows. such as acidosis and ketosis.

3. When selecting concentrate raw materials, the effect of raw materials on milk quality should be considered. For example, the amount of feed such as rapeseed meal, dregs, fish meal and silkworm pupa powder should be strictly limited, otherwise, it may cause peculiar smell of milk and affect the quality of milk.

4. When feeding dairy cows a large amount of low-protein roughage, it is recommended to use little or no non-protein nitrogenous compound (NPN) feed as much as possible.

5. In the formulation design, the protein index should adopt the new protein nutrition system.

Reference formula of feed for dairy cows

1. Reference formula 1: suitable for general farmers.

① concentrate formula: corn 28%, barley 30%, cotton cake 21%, wheat bran 10%, sesame cake 4.54%, salt 1.51%, bone meal 1.7%, calcium carbonate 3.38%.

The composition of ② diet: concentrate 6.8kg, silage 13.0kg, cottonseed 0.5kg, rice straw 0.5kg, beet meal 0.6kg, grass 19.0kg.

2. Reference formula 2: suitable for Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and other areas.

① concentrate formula: corn 45%, wheat bran 5%, secondary powder 5%, salt 1%, expanded soybean 10%, soybean meal 10%, cottonseed cake 19%, bone meal 2%, fish meal 3%.

② diet consists of 7kg carrots, 8.35kg concentrate, 4kg Leymus chinensis and 20kg silage.

3. Reference formula 2: suitable for Hunan and Hubei areas.

① concentrate formula: corn 44.57%, wheat bran 20.68%, bean cake 13.29%, cottonseed cake 13.29%, salt 1.55%, soda 1.72%, stone powder 1.03%, bone meal 0.86%.

The composition of ② diet was 7kg concentrate, 2.2kg grass, 3.0kg rice straw and 12.0kg silage.

4. Reference formula 2: suitable for use in Zhejiang and Fujian areas.

① concentrate formula: corn 50%, wheat bran 17%, bean cake 17%, cotton cake 12%, baking soda 2%, salt 1%, shellfish powder 1%, bone meal 2%.

② diet consists of 10 kg of silage, 3 kg of hay, 4 kg of rice straw and 8.75kg of concentrate.