Farming techniques of Dairy cows in Rural areas

It is nothing new for dairy farmers in rural areas to raise dairy cows as yellow cattle a few years ago. Although it is also a kind of yellow cattle, it is very different from ordinary yellow cattle. At the same time, they do not pay attention to scientific management. As a result, the quality and output of dairy cows are very low. Let's take a look at the common problems of dairy farming technology in rural areas.

The scale of dairy farming is small.

There are many scattered farmers of dairy cows in rural areas, and the scale is small, so they can not be raised in groups and centralized management, and the degree of intensification is very low. There is no mechanized milking equipment, manual milking, milk quality can not be guaranteed.

Single type of roughage

60% of the rural scattered farmers mainly use dry corn stalks, no silage corn, 90% of the farmers do not feed hay, 95% of the farmers do not feed alfalfa hay, 30% to 40% of the farmers lack the knowledge of silage corn, 70% of the farmers do not know enough about whole plant silage, and most of them are silage after harvest, accounting for about 80%.

Poor consciousness of scientific feeding

The consciousness of scientific feeding is poor, and the proportion of concentrate and roughness is not appropriate, which violates the physiological law of dairy cows. In the case of corn "straw + concentrate" diet, dairy cows are seriously lack of nutrition, and the milk yield is low. In order to increase milk yield, dairy farmers blindly increase the amount of concentrate feeding, and the ratio of concentrate to roughage reaches 50:50-60:40, resulting in many metabolic diseases. Treatment of these diseases will cost a large sum of money, resulting in unnecessary economic losses and reducing the economic benefits of raising dairy cows.

Nutritional imbalance of dairy cows

The feeding amount of energy feed (corn) in fine supplement is too large, the feeding amount of protein feed, vitamin and mineral feed is seriously insufficient, and the milk yield of dairy cows can not go up. In order to increase milk production and then increase the amount of concentrate feed, resulting in a vicious circle, wasting feed and increasing costs.

The quality of cow breeds is poor.

At present, more than 40% of the dairy cows in stock were purchased at high prices from other places at the peak of cow development a few years ago, with no source, no serial number, no pedigree, and no breeding record. After the farmers bought it back, they had a poor sense of breed improvement and randomly used the frozen semen of black and white dairy cows to breed. Some of them were eliminated from non-local cattle farms and had reproductive tract diseases. After many times of artificial insemination, they switched to local black and white bulls, and the breeds were more complex, which seriously affected the improvement of milk production of dairy cows.

The quality of drinking water is poor

More than 90% of milk is made up of water, and adequate and clean drinking water is especially important for cows. Rural dairy cows are mainly tethered, regular supply of drinking water, cows can not get sufficient drinking water, affecting the milk yield of dairy cows, where there is a shortage of water to drink cattle with domestic water or swill, it is easy to rot in summer and cause digestive tract diseases. Drinking cold water or ice water in winter consumes calories in the body, and the amount of drinking water is limited, which reduces the milk yield of dairy cows.

Do not pay attention to epidemic prevention measures

Except for a few large-scale outdoor dairy farms in rural areas, most communities and almost all retail farmers do not implement strict hygiene measures, people and animals are in the same hospital, the sanitary conditions are poor, and cow droppings are not disposed of in time, which are piled in the cattle pen or after their own courtyard, polluting the environment, and the incidence of mastitis is as high as 10% and 15%.

Predatory milking is serious.

A lactation period of a cow is generally 305 days, and then enters a 60-day dry period. Affected by the factors such as milk yield, age, parity, fat condition and feeding level, the drying period should be appropriately prolonged or shortened, and the shortest period should not be less than 45 days. Some farmers keep milking until there is no milk under any circumstances, even one day before calving. The negative effects brought by this are serious: first, the excessive consumption of nutrients in the body of dairy cows, affecting fetal development and lower fetal milk production; second, resulting in postpartum oestrus late or not obvious, sexual cycle disorder, it is difficult to get pregnant. The dry milk period is essential for dairy cows, and the cows with poor body condition should be appropriately extended to give them sufficient rest and buffer time, make up for the lost nutrition in the body, and lay the foundation for smooth calving and the improvement of lactation.