Horse breeding techniques in Guanzhong

Guanzhong horse was once named "Guanzhong horse", and the name "Guanzhong horse" was used after 1976. In October 1982, it was organized and identified on the spot by the Department of Agriculture of Shaanxi Province and the Animal Husbandry Bureau of Baoji City. It was considered to be in line with the breeding index and had predetermined characteristics. It was identified as a new breed and officially named "Guanzhong Horse". Let's take a look at Guanzhong horse breeding technology.

Breeding characteristics of Guanzhong Horse

The average body height, body length, chest circumference and tube circumference of adult male horses in Guanzhong were 153.77 ±4.36cm, 160.64 ±4.62cm, 196.36 ±10.70cm and 21.5cm respectively, while those of adult mares were 147.83 ±3.58cm, 155.59 ±4.42cm, 179.67 ±7.94cm and 19.6cm ±0.7cm, respectively. It has relatively good pulling force, brisk walking and rich persistence. It is a dual-use variety cultivated in our country, with obvious types, basically the same population, strong adaptability, easy to raise, both strength and speed, and so on.

Stable Design of Guanzhong Horse

1. Stable floor: the stable floor is very important and requires skid-proof, moisture-proof and durable. Cement floor is usually used, which is sturdy, durable, economical, convenient and convenient for sanitary disinfection and epidemic prevention.

2. Stable doors and windows: the size and height of doors and windows are directly related to the ventilation and lighting of the stables. The size of the window should be in proportion to the ground area, generally at 1:10, the window height is about 1.5-1.8m. The door is about 2.5 meters high and 1.2 meters wide.

3. Fixing device: the fixing device in the stable includes a feeding trough, a grass feeding rack and a sink. The feed trough should be located at the corner next to the door. The feed trough should be separated from the sink, and the sink generally uses a bucket, which can be fixed in a corner of the wall to prevent it from being knocked down by the horse. Feed grass to the horse with a grass rack. Feed trough, feeding grass rack, bucket rack shape design requires no edges and corners, so as not to cause damage to the horse.

4. Ancillary building: if the saddle room is dry and moistureproof, it should be large enough to hold the required harness items, and a fixed saddle rack is needed. Ma Shan runs, so it is necessary to set up a larger sports ground, and the area of the sports ground is based on the management capacity of farmers, the bigger the better. The ground of the horse playground is generally a mixture of soil and sand, which reduces the wear and tear of the horse's hooves and protects the hooves. The playground can also plant some palatable grass for horses to eat while walking.

Stallion selection of Guanzhong Horse

1. Look at the appearance: look at the appearance of the horse, including the external shape of the horse, the firmness of the body and the sensitivity to the outside world. The head of a horse should be moderate in size and square in shape. Neck requirements: slender, plump muscles. The center of gravity of the horse with long neck is easy to move forward, and the swing of the neck is large, which is conducive to the speed of play. The back is wide and straight, with strong muscles, which is conducive to weight-bearing and speed. As the saying goes, "A good horse grows on the leg", which shows the importance of the limbs. The forelimbs support body weight, requiring large arms, thick upper and thin lower.

2. Look at the appearance: when choosing a horse, you should also pay attention to the appearance of the horse. To look at the walking phase is to check the limb and hoof shape of the horse, which can be checked when the horse is walking slowly and, if necessary, can be made to walk at a brisk pace. For a horse with normal limbs and hoof shape, the front and rear legs are kept on the same vertical plane when walking.

3. Look at the coat color: identifying the coat color of a horse is the basic knowledge of raising a horse. Looking at coat color is also an important step and basis for selecting horses. The coat color of a horse can be divided into two categories: single coat color and compound coat color. Only one color of the whole body coat is single coat color, and the coat is composed of more than two colors, such as blue hair, sand hair, flower hair, spot hair and so on. For example, the broad masses of farmers and herdsmen like dark horses, and the requirements of military horses are more stringent. Generally, white, color and mottled hair are not allowed to join the army.

4. Look at the age: the natural life span of a horse is generally 25 Murray and 30 years. The ability to work is strongest when 4Mel is 15 years old. The young and old of the horse can get a general idea from the appearance. Such as young horses, the skin is tight and elastic, the muscle is plump, the coat is shiny, the body is short and the legs are long, the lips of the old horses are sagging, wrinkles, eye sockets collapse, the skin is inelastic, and the movement is inflexible. With the change of age, the growth, replacement and wear of horse teeth will change regularly, so we can judge the age of the horse according to the change of horse teeth. For example, at the age of 3, the permanent incisors grow completely, at the age of 4, the permanent middle teeth grow completely, and at the age of 5, all the corner teeth grow out completely, commonly known as "Qi Kou".

5. Look at the physique: physique is the comprehensive embodiment of the external shape and physiological function of the horse, that is, the degree of firmness. Generally speaking, the physique of horses can be divided into five types: wet type, dry type, fine type, rough type and solid type. But in practice, it is rare to see a single physique type of horse, generally with a certain type of mixed type. Temperament refers to the character of the horse, which is a manifestation of the horse's sensitive response to the outside world. Horse breeding is called Humvee, which can be divided into four types: fierce, upper, medium and lower.

Feeding and management of foal

After the foal is born, its adaptability to the outside world is relatively poor, and its development is closely related to the production performance of later adult horses. Therefore, attention must be paid to the feeding and management of foals. The whole infantile period is 6 months. Within 3 days of birth, if the weather is fine, allow the foal to do outdoor sports with the mare. At 10-15 days, the foal began to graze on its own and began to feed for a month. Prepare digestible wheat bran and flattened barley, oats, etc., add appropriate amount of bean cake, add water, soak and mix well, start feeding 50 grams a day, twice, and then gradually increase the feeding times to three times a day.

Feeding and management of bred horses

When the foal reaches the age of 6 months, it can be transferred from the foal house to the breeding stable and enter the breeding stage, which takes 6 ~ 30 months of age. This stage is the period of comprehensive growth and development of foals, and nutrients such as musculoskeletal auxin and milk powder should be supplemented. The above introduction is based on the physiological characteristics of differential feeding, in addition, in the practical use of horses, exercise intensity is a very important index, so it should also be combined with different degrees of exercise intensity for personalized feeding.

Breeding and management of stallion

In feeding, we should first ensure the nutritional needs of stallions, roughage is mainly made of high-quality dry alfalfa and Leymus chinensis, in addition to feeding concentrate and roughage, it is best to supplement some vitamins for "special care". During the non-mating period, the concentrate reference formula is 50% of oats, 10% of soybeans, 10% of black beans, 10% of wheat bran, 10% of corn, 8% of sunflower seeds, 2% of minerals, including salt, calcium powder, etc. In addition, soy beans should be soaked thoroughly and black beans should be cooked. During the breeding period, the proportion of oats can be reduced by 5%, and nutritious feeds such as eggs, yogurt and red rice can be increased.

Breeding and management of mare

1. Empty period: during the empty period, the weight of the mare decreases rapidly, so it is necessary to improve nutrition and promote estrus. The coarse feed is 8 kg / day and the concentrate is 3 kg / day. Coarse materials can be high-quality alfalfa and Leymus chinensis. The reference formula of concentrate is: oats 35%, soybeans 15%, black beans 12%, wheat bran 10%, corn 15%, sunflower seeds 10%, minerals 3%.

2. Pregnancy: the feeding and management of pregnant mares should not only meet the nutritional needs of the mares themselves, but also ensure the normal development of the fetus and the needs of postpartum lactation, so the diet of pregnant mares must be rich in nutrition. Foods rich in calcium, phosphorus and vitamins should be added during pregnancy. The feeding and management of the last 1-2 months of pregnancy is very important for the improvement of milk production. It is necessary to strengthen feeding, but feed should be properly reduced 2-3 weeks before delivery, and feed with good texture, softness and digestibility should be given.