Culture methods of bread worms

The bread bug, known as Tenebrio Molitor, belongs to the genus pink beetle in insect taxonomy and is native to North America. It was introduced from the Soviet Union in the 1950s and raised in China. The dried products contain 30% fat and more than 50% protein. In addition, they also contain major elements such as phosphorus, potassium, iron, sodium, aluminum and a variety of trace elements. They are known as the "treasure house of protein feed". Let's take a look at the breeding methods of bread insects.

Reproduction method

The suitable reproduction temperature of breadworm is 20: 30 ℃. At 20: 25 ℃, the egg stage is 7-8 days, the larva stage is 122 days, and the pupa stage is 8 days. At 28 ~ 30 ℃, the egg stage, larval stage and pupa stage are 3-6 days, 100 days and 6 days respectively, and it takes only 110 days for eggs to develop to adults. Humidity also has a great impact on its reproduction, the relative humidity is 60% to 70%, when the humidity is too high to 90%, most of the larvae die when they grow to the 2nd and 3rd instar, and when the relative humidity is less than 50%, the number of eggs laid is greatly reduced.

Breeding ground

Tenebrio Molitor does not have high requirements for breeding grounds, indoor breeding should be able to prevent rats, birds, geckos, ants, and so on, and to prevent direct sunlight and air pollution and excessive noise, but also to pay attention to ventilation, the temperature in the four seasons should be controlled at more than 20 degrees and below 35 degrees. It is better to build the greenhouse in the semi-underground, because the semi-underground greenhouse can effectively preserve the temperature and greatly save the heating cost. the advantage of the semi-underground greenhouse lies in its low cost and the effect of being warm in winter and cool in summer.

Breeding equipment

Bread worms can be raised in cartons, basin tanks, cement ponds, etc., requiring a smooth inner wall and a depth of more than 15 cm to prevent bugs from crawling outside. At present, the ideal feeding equipment is to be raised in a square wooden box, which is nailed into a square wooden box with a wooden board of 100cm, 50cm, 10cm, plywood at the bottom and wide adhesive tape around it, so as to make the inner walls of the box smooth and prevent bugs from crawling outside. In addition, when the moth lays eggs, it can be nailed with a board of 80cm, 40cm and 10cm, and the bottom is nailed with 51 mesh of barbed wire (for screening wheat). The moth is placed inside, and the tail extends out of the barbed wire to lay eggs in the spawning box, which can be covered with a bran to avoid egg damage.

Feed selection

Yellow powder insects eat a wide range of food sources, in artificial breeding, there is no need to study too much feed, but in order to produce yellow powder insects as soon as possible, wheat bran, corn flour, bean cakes, carrots, vegetable leaves, melon peel and so on, as well as formula feed for chickens should be fed to increase nutrition, but 60% wheat bran is appropriate.

1. The commonly used formula for larvae: wheat bran 70%, corn meal 25%, soybean powder 4.5%, feed multivitamin 0.5%. Mix the above ingredients well, press them into particles through a feed granulator, or dress up into balls with 16% boiled water and press them into small cakes. Use after drying.

2. The commonly used formula for adults: fish meal 4%, corn meal 15%, wheat bran 75%, sugar 4%, feed multivitamin 0.8%, mixed salt 1.2%, the processing method is the same as the larva formula, this formula can increase the fecundity of Tenebrio Molitor and prolong the life span of adults.

Temperature management

Tenebrio Molitor is cold-tolerant, overwintering mature larvae can tolerate-2 ℃, while low instar larvae die in large numbers at about 0 ℃, 2 ℃ is its survival limit, 10 ℃ is the starting point of development, hibernating above 8 ℃, 25-30 ℃ is the suitable temperature range, the fastest growth and development is 32 ℃, but it is easy to get disease when exposed to high temperature for a long time, and it will die when it exceeds 32 ℃.

Humidity control

Tenebrio Molitor is drought-resistant and can survive in feed with a water content of less than 10%. In a dry environment, it grows slowly, reduces the worm body, and wastes a lot of feed. The ideal feed water content is 15% and the humidity is 50% 80%. If the feed water content exceeds 18%, the air humidity exceeds 85%, the growth and development slows down, and it is easy to get sick, especially the moth is most likely to get sick. If the culture room is too dry, clear water can be sprinkled, and the humidity should be ventilated in time. The water content of Tenebrio Molitor is 48-50%.

Illumination control

Tenebrio Molitor was originally a warehouse pest, afraid of light, active, and active day and night, indicating that there is no need for sunlight, and female adults lay more eggs in dark places than in strong light.

Disease prevention and treatment

1. When drying at high temperature, we should pay attention to adding fresh feed or spraying water in time to prevent dry blight, and at the same time pick out the fresh feed that has not been eaten that day, so as to prevent feed decay and promote the reproduction of bacteria.

2. For humid areas, it is necessary to appropriately increase the number of feces screening and feed once a day or 2 days, with a little surplus in the breeding box, which can also reduce the incidence of Tenebrio Molitor.

3. When each batch of secondary worm culture is finished, the place is disinfected and the culture utensils are disinfected. 0.5-1.5% potassium permanganate solution can be used to spray the surface disinfection. Disinfection drugs such as bleach and formalin solution can also be used.

4. Properly reducing the feeding density can reduce the occurrence of diseases, avoid excessive insect density and kill each other to cause wounds, and create opportunities for bacteria to invade.

5. For areas with heavy occurrence of mites, the feed used should be thinly exposed in the sun for 20 minutes at noon to kill mites, and if necessary, the mites can be killed by spraying 40% dicofol 800 times as much as 1000 times liquid to kill mites in breeding sites and utensils.

6. The infected worms should be picked up in time, and 0.25 grams of oxytetracycline and 200 grams of 300 grams of corn flour should be fed for 3 to 5 days.