Hatching technology of Chinese partridge

Chinese partridges, also known as Chinese partridges, pheasants and Huainan, live in dry valleys in low mountains and on rocky and sandy slopes in hills, often in bushes, grasslands, barren hills and other environments, and sometimes in small jungles and bamboo forests near farmland. I often look for food in the valleys in the early morning and dusk, and spend the night in grass or bushes at night. Let's take a look at the hatching techniques of Chinese partridges.

Egg selection

The breeding period of Chinese partridges is from March to June, and courtship begins from March to April. Each litter lays 3-6 eggs, often up to 8. The eggs are oval or pear-shaped, and the color is light yellow to yellowish brown. Chinese partridge artificial hatching as far as possible to use within two weeks of breeding eggs, to strictly select double yellow eggs and deformed eggs, after selection, soak the eggs with 30 ℃ of warm water and 0.1% potassium permanganate for 3 minutes, take out and dry to hatch.

Hatch

The breeding eggs of Chinese partridges can be hatched on a code plate after preheating. The breeding eggs which have been selected, sterilized and preheated are put into the egg plate with the big head up and the small head down slightly tilted (put the eggs in the middle of the egg plate as much as possible), and the egg plate can be put into the incubator to start hatching. When loading the egg plate into the machine, the plate must be jammed, so as to prevent the egg plate from slipping and falling off when turning eggs.

Temperature

In general, a higher hatching temperature is required when the embryo age is small (the initial stage of hatching). With the increase of embryo age, the hatching temperature should decrease accordingly. Hatching in winter and early spring requires a higher hatching temperature, and then as the temperature increases gradually, the hatching temperature can be slightly lower. The hatching temperature of partridge breeding eggs is slightly lower than that of domestic chickens, and the hatching temperature should be controlled according to embryo age, season and specific conditions, so that the hatching temperature is the most suitable for seed embryo hatching, and the upper and lower deviation is within ±0.2℃. The whole batch of hatched eggs can also be hatched at variable temperature. The temperature is 38 ℃ in 1-7 days, 37.8 ℃ in middle stage (7-16 days) and 37.7 ℃ in later stage (17-24 days).

Humidity

The hatching humidity of Chinese partridge eggs is slightly higher than that of domestic chickens. the relative humidity in the incubator should be kept at 65% in the early stage (1-7 days), reduced to 55% in the middle stage (8-20 days), and increased to 60% in the later stage (21 days to hatching). Usually, the area of the water plate added to the incubator is equivalent to 2 steps 3 or 3 steps 4 of the bottom area of the incubator to basically meet the humidity requirements. The hatchery had better maintain a relative humidity of 55% and 60%. In the process of hatching, the oxygen demand of embryonic development should be properly ventilated and ventilated regularly 8 days before hatching and often after 8 days of incubation.

Turn the egg

The main purpose of turning eggs is to prevent embryo adhesion, egg yolk floats in the early stage of hatching, if you do not turn eggs, it is easy to develop adhesion between blastocyst and shell membrane. Not turning eggs in the middle of hatching will make the allantoic sac adhere to the yolk sac and cause embryo death and reduce the hatching rate. The fully automatic incubator has an automatic egg turning device, which can set the egg turning time, otherwise the egg must be turned manually. It is required that the eggs should be exchanged, and the eggs around the egg plate should be swapped with the eggs in the center. Egg breeders turn their eggs every 2 to 4 hours before they are hatched for 20 days. After 20 days of hatching, the embryo has developed into a young partridge and should stop turning eggs.

Cold egg

When the embryo hatches to the middle and later stage, the material metabolism is exuberant, which will produce a lot of body heat. Cold egg is a kind of cooling measure taken in the middle and later stage of hatching. After 2 weeks of incubation, the eggs were cooled once a day and stopped when the temperature dropped to 34: 35 ℃. Machine incubation can be turned off to stop heating, and open the door to let the fan run, ventilation cold eggs. The room temperature is high in summer, and the surface temperature of embryonic eggs in the later stage of hatching is more than 39 ℃. Only ventilating and cooling eggs can not solve the problem. It is necessary to spray water to cool the eggs, that is, 25-30 ℃ water spray on the egg surface, so that dew can be seen on the surface. The most reliable way to control the time of cold eggs is to look at the temperature of the eggs. Generally make the egg temperature drop gradually, when using the eyelid test temperature (with the egg to stick the eyelid) feel slightly cool (about 33 ℃). Cold eggs can be combined with turning eggs.

According to the egg

To illuminate the egg is to use light or natural light to see through the internal condition of the egg in order to grasp the process of embryonic development and to control and adjust the hatching conditions accordingly. The eggs were treated for 3 times during the whole incubation period and once on the 7th, 12th and 22nd days after hatching, in order to understand the embryonic development. The first time the eggs were illuminated, the azoospermic eggs and dead eggs were picked up. The development of the fertilized egg embryo is normal, the blood vessels are radially distributed, the color is bright red, the color of the dead egg is lighter, there are irregular blood rings, blood arcs, and no radial blood vessels. The egg without sperm shines and has no vascular network, only the shadow of egg yolk can be seen. Light the eggs for the second and third time and pick up the dead eggs. The live embryo egg is black-red, the air chamber is inclined, the boundary is curved, and there are thick blood vessels around. The dark red blood vessels can not be seen around the dead embryo egg chamber, the edges are blurred, and some eggs are lighter in color and shiny in the small head.

Drop the disk

After the partridge eggs hatched for 22 days, the normally developed eggs were transferred to the hatching plate in the hatcher (the main difference between the hatcher and the incubator was that there was no egg turning device) to hatch to the shell, a process called falling plate. Before setting the plate, the hatcher and tray must be thoroughly cleaned and sterilized, pollution-free and should be dried. Cover the bottom of the plate with clean and absorbent paper, which helps to keep the partridges clean. After setting the plate, the temperature and humidity should be controlled according to the temperature and humidity requirements of the partridge egg hatching, that is, compared with the previous hatching stage, the temperature should be decreased appropriately, which is generally 0.5 ℃ lower than that in the incubator, and the humidity should be increased appropriately to benefit the chicks. In order to ensure sufficient humidity, appropriately increase the number of water plates and keep them clean so as to facilitate water evaporation.

Pick up chicks

After coming out of the shell, the young partridges should be taken out in time after the feathers are dry and put into the nursery or box with a temperature of 24-28 ℃. The box should be covered with grass or soft paper. In a box of 30cm × 50cm, you can put 30cm and 50 partridges. Pick up the chicks too early, the feathers of the chicks are not dry, and their adaptability to the environment is poor. Pick up the chicks at night, and the chicks can move after their feathers are dry. During hatching, you should turn on fewer lights as much as possible, and generally pick up young partridges every 2 hours. The empty eggshell should be taken out while picking up the chick, so as not to trap the chick's head and suffocate the chick. When picking up chicks every day, you should pay attention to counting and recording the number of chicks and hairy eggs.

Chick inspection

The healthy and weak chicks picked up, healthy partridges are generally of large physique, weighing 13 to 14 grams, with eyes full of spirit, strong movement, agility, stable standing, crisp singing, clean villi, good healing of umbilical cord and complete absorption of egg yolk. Weak partridges are weak, unstable, cloudy eyes, poor healing of umbilical cord, incomplete absorption of egg yolk and big belly. Raise separately and eliminate malformed, cross-legged and weak chicks. After hatching, the eggshell, hairy egg and dead chick should be disposed of and recorded, and the chick room, hatcher and plate should be thoroughly cleaned and washed, and the chick plate and hatcher should be soaked and sterilized with 1% broomide solution. Finally, all kinds of instruments were sorted out, and the doors of the incubator and incubator were closed for formaldehyde fumigation.