Culture methods of Prunus mume

Elm leaf plum is also known as Yumei, small peach red, elm leaf twig, etc., because its leaves are like elm leaves, it is a rare tree of Rosaceae peach shrubs, and its flowers are very similar to plum blossoms. It has been cultivated in China for hundreds of years. Most parks across the country have been planted for viewing, and common cultivation types are double elm leaf plum, juniper branches and so on. Let's take a look at the breeding methods of elm leaf plum.

Growth habits of Prunus mume

The leaves of the elm leaves are purple-brown, the leaves are broadly elliptic to Obovate, the flowers are single to double purplish red, and the drupe red is nearly spherical. Like light, slightly shade-resistant, cold-resistant, can survive the winter at-35 ℃. The requirement of soil is not strict, it is better to be neutral to slightly alkaline and fertile soil. The root system is developed and the drought tolerance is strong. Not resistant to waterlogging. Strong disease resistance. Born in low to medium altitude slopes or ditches beside trees, shrubs or forest margins, China is produced in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places.

Propagation methods of Prunus mandshurica

1. Grafting: there are two kinds of grafting methods: bud grafting and branch grafting, usually with bud grafting. Budding should be carried out in the middle and last ten days of August. Rootstocks can use annual seedlings of elm leaf plum, or seedlings of wild roses, hairy peaches and mountain peaches. Bud grafting can choose to cut the full leaf buds from the annual branches from the excellent varieties of elm leaf plum. Branch grafting should be carried out from February to March in spring. The scion should be cut before the plant sprouts. Winter tenacity can also intercept scions and store them in sandy soil for use in spring.

2. Cuttage: Prunus mandshurica is often cut with the branches of the same year in late spring and early autumn, or the old branches of last year are used in early spring. When the plant is growing vigorously from late spring to early autumn, the sturdy branches of the current year are selected as cuttings. After cutting off the branches, the sturdy parts are cut into a length of 5cm to 15cm, with more than 3 leaf nodes in each segment. After the temperature of hardwood cuttings rises in early spring, strong branches from last year are selected as cuttings, and each cuttage usually retains 3-4 nodes.

3. Ramet: the ramet method can be carried out before plant germination after soil thawing in autumn and spring, and 2 branches should be cut off after ramet to reduce water evaporation, which is beneficial to plant survival.

4. Crimping: select a strong branch and peel off the bark from about 15cm to 30cm below the top. The width of the peeled wound is about one centimeter, and the depth is limited to just peeling off the skin. Cut a piece of film 10 to 20 centimeters long and 5 centimeters 8 centimeters wide, put some wet garden soil on it, and wrap it around like a wound. The upper and lower ends of the film are tightly bound, bulge in the middle, and take root after about four to six weeks.

5. Sowing: the seeds of Prunus mandshurica are sown in autumn after maturity or in spring after sand storage, which can be planted after defoliation in autumn to before bud germination in early spring. Pruning and fertilization should be paid attention to in cultivation management to ensure that there are enough flower branches in the coming year.

Culture methods of Prunus mume

1. Soil: Yumei is not strict with the soil, but it is not resistant to waterlogging and prefers neutral to slightly alkaline, fertile and loose sandy loam.

2, watering: Elm leaf plum avoid waterlogging, planted in spring, if the weather is dry, should be watered 2-3 times, usually do not need watering, at the same time should pay attention to rainy season drainage.

3. Sunshine: Elm leaf plum can give sufficient sunshine in autumn, winter and spring. When keeping it indoors, try to put it in places with bright light, such as well-lit living room, bedroom, study and so on.

4. Temperature: Prunus mandshurica likes a warm climate, but the high temperature and muggy environment in summer is not conducive to its growth. It is very strict to the winter temperature. When the ambient temperature is below 10 ℃, it can not survive the winter safely under frost.

5. Insect pests: the main diseases and insect pests of Prunus mandshurica are brown spot, white feather, aphids, stinging moths, red spiders, leaf rollers and so on, which generally occur in summer and autumn, so they should be sprayed and controlled in time.

6. Pruning: in the process of growth, the branches should be trimmed exhaustively, and the flower branches should be cut moderately after the flowers are withered, leaving 3-5 buds on each strong branch. After falling in, prune again, and top and pick the heart, so that the nutrients are concentrated and the flower buds germinate.

Pest control of Prunus mandshurica

1. Black spot: strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, improve the disease resistance of plants. Clean up the fallen leaves at the end of autumn and spray the fallen leaves once before sprouting in spring to prevent it. If there is an occurrence, you can use 80% mancozeb wettable particles 700 times solution, or 70% mancozeb 500 times solution for spray, once every 7 days, continuous spraying 3 to 4 times can effectively control the disease.

2. Root cancer: in the process of seed, seedling transportation and cultivation, it is necessary to strengthen its quarantine, strictly prevent diseased seeds and seedlings from entering the cultivation area, and control all kinds of underground pests in time before cultivation and planting. On the diseased plants, the tumor should be removed with a disinfection knife, and then white or Bordeaux solution should be applied on the disease, and the grafting tools should also be used after complete disinfection.

3. Leaf spot disease: in winter, combined with plant pruning and branch and leaf finishing, the disease spots and residues left at the onset of the disease should be removed in time and burned centrally. In the peak period of plant growth, field management should be strengthened, timely drainage and appropriate fertilization should be paid attention to in the rainy season, so as to enhance the disease resistance of the plant. In the early stage of plant disease, spray 75% methyl topiramate wettable powder 900-1400 times, or 75% chlorothalonil 800 times.

4. Aphids: if a large number of aphids are found to be harmful, chemical control should be carried out. The tobacco water should be soaked in the proportion of 1:10 and sprayed once after soaking for 5 hours. It can kill aphids with 1500 times liquid of shoveling aphids, or spray the whole plant with the solution of detergent, urea and water with the ratio of 1 to 3, 300.

5. Red spiders: red spiders reproduce quickly, weeds, plant branches and other environments can reproduce, it harms the whole plant, and several generations can be mixed on the plant at the same time, and when the damage is serious, the whole plant dies. To mix sulfur, salt and water (10: 1: 1: 40) and use it evenly, painting "white" can not only prevent the mature larvae from overwintering in the shallow soil, but also prevent the larvae of the camphor bush borer from overwintering in the spring. 1500 times of dicofol EC killed red spiders.

6. Coir moth: coir moth is easy to harm plants under high temperature and dry climate, and it mainly harms plant leaves. When a small amount occurs, worms and eggs can be removed manually and burned centrally. When insect pests occur, fenvalerate 2050 times, or 85% dichlorvos EC 900x, or 80% trichlorfon crystals 1500 times, can be sprayed during the larval occurrence period.