Culture methods and matters needing attention of loose-tailed sunflower

Loose-tailed sunflower, otherwise known as yellow coconut, Aoi Murasaki, etc., is a tufted evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Palmaceae, native to Madagascar, Africa, and now it is commonly cultivated in some garden units in southern China. Potted plants are used for indoor decoration. Medicine has related therapeutic effects on hemoptysis, and so on. Let's take a look at the breeding methods and points for attention of Sunflower.

Growth habits of sunflower

Loose-tailed sunflower is a tropical plant, which likes warm, humid and semi-shady environment. The cold tolerance is not strong, the leaves turn yellow when the temperature is below 20 ℃, the lowest temperature for overwintering is above 10 ℃, and about 5 ℃ will freeze to death. Therefore, it can be cultivated in the open field in South China, and the Yangtze River basin and its northern areas should be maintained in the greenhouse. The growth is slow in the seedling stage, and then grows rapidly. Suitable for loose, well-drained and fertile soil. Thick branches and leaves, evergreen all the year round, strong shade tolerance.

The Propagation method of Sunflower

1. Ramet: loose-tailed sunflower can propagate all year round, usually combined with changing pots around April, select the plants with many tillers in the base, remove part of the old basin soil, and divide it into several clusters from the base joint with a sharp knife. The wound needs to be disinfected with plant ash or sulfur powder. Generally, it can become a potted commodity after 1-2 years of maintenance.

2. Sowing: sunflower can obtain seeds, wash the pulp of the harvested fruit, soak the seeds in 35 ℃ warm water for two days, then sow them with germination and transplant, spray foliar water on sunny days, generally grow slowly in juvenile and grow rapidly after adulthood.

Culture method of loose tail sunflower

1. Transplanting: when installing the pot, the loose-tailed sunflower seedlings first put a coarse-grained substrate 2cm thick in the bottom of the basin as a filter layer, sprinkle it with a fully mature organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, with a thickness of about 1cm to 2cm, and then cover it with a thin layer of matrix, about 1cm in thickness, and then put in the plant to separate the fertilizer from the root system and avoid root burning.

2. Soil: slightly acidic soil should be selected for indoor pot cultivation of sunflower, and sandy loam with high humus content should be selected in the north. The culture soil can be prepared with rotten leaf soil, peat soil plus 1 bank 3 river sand and part of base fertilizer. The growth of tiller buds depends on the rhizome, and when potted, it is a little deeper than the original one, so as to avoid better rooting of new buds. The period from May to October is the prosperous period of its growth, so it is necessary to provide sufficient water and fertilizer conditions.

3. Watering: the watering of loose-tailed sunflower should follow the principle of dry and wet according to the season, more watering should be appropriate in the dry and hot season, and watering should be controlled in low temperature, overcast and rain. In the northern region, especially where there is more salt and alkali in the water, attention should be paid to the frequent use of black alum to regulate soil acidity. Always keep the basin soil moist at ordinary times. Summer and autumn high temperature period, but also often maintain a higher air humidity around the plant, but avoid basin soil stagnant water, so as not to cause rotten roots.

4. Fertilization: loose-tailed sunflower generally applies mature liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer every 1-2 weeks to promote plant growth, thick green leaves, appropriate topdressing of nitrogen-containing organic fertilizer in summer, and organic fertilizer such as sesame sauce residue in winter to keep the pot soil dry and wet.

5. Temperature: loose-tailed sunflower likes to be warm, and the optimum growth temperature is 20-35 ℃. If more than 35 ℃ or less than 10 ℃, the foot leaves will change from green to yellow if there is a little improper cultivation and management. It is necessary to do a good job of heat preservation and anti-freezing in winter, generally about 10 ℃ can survive the winter safely, if the temperature is too low, the leaves will turn yellow, the leaf tip will dry up, and lead to root damage, affecting the growth of the coming year.

6, illumination: loose-tailed sunflower should be shaded in summer, the most avoid the direct sun, even if a short time exposure will also cause the leaves scorched yellow, it is difficult to restore. Like semi-overcast, 50% should be shaded in spring, summer and autumn. In indoor cultivation, ornamental should be placed in a place with strong scattered light, and it can also withstand the dark environment, but it is better to move to outdoor light regularly for maintenance to facilitate recovery and maintain a high ornamental state.

7. Pruning: after 2 years of continuous leaf harvesting as a leaf-cutting cultivation, the plant must be fully rejuvenated and the necessary equipment maintenance, mainly the maintenance of shading equipment, because with the continuous growth of the plant, shading equipment can not meet the requirements of plant growth height, in the typhoon season, it is easy to break the shade net. The second is plant rejuvenation.

8. change the basin: the loose-tailed sunflower changes the basin once every 2-3 years in early spring, and the old plant can change the basin once every 3-4 years. After changing the basin, it should be placed in a semi-shady place with high air humidity, and the withered and yellow branches and leaves should be cut off in time.

Control of loose-tailed sunflower citrus and shield scale

1. Symptoms: one or two generations a year, adults, nymphs attached to leaves and petioles suck sap, affecting plant growth.

2. Prevention and control: when a small amount of worms are found, they should be scraped off in time, and when the occurrence is large, 50% parathion EC is sprayed 800 times, and it is appropriate to spray 2 ~ 3 times.

Control of loose-tailed sunflower leaf blight

The main results were as follows: 1. Symptoms: the pathogen first infected the leaf tip and leaf edge, and the infected area showed brown spots or patches at the beginning of the disease, but gradually expanded and connected with each other in the middle stage, and the leaves showed gray and dry in the later stage.

2. Rule: the pathogenic bacteria overwintered on the diseased plants or in the soil, spread by conidia by wind, rain, spray and watering, and invaded from the plant wound. High temperature, high humidity and unventilated environment are easy to suffer from this disease.

3. Prevention and treatment: strengthen the inspection of epidemic disease, do not introduce diseased plants, strengthen ventilation, avoid rain and spray during the onset of the disease, cut off the damaged branches and leaves in time, prevent further infection, and apply daconine ointment after pruning. If a disease occurs, it can be sprayed with 1000-fold solution of 70% methyl topzine or 75% chlorothalonil, once every 7-10 days, and 3 to 4 times continuously, which can effectively control the disease.

Control of root rot of loose-tailed sunflower

1. Too dry: loose-tailed sunflower likes high air humidity. When the air is too dry, it will cause the focal tip and edge of the leaf. Water should be sprayed on the leaf surface and the surrounding environment 3-4 times a day throughout the growth period to increase air humidity. But stop watering after dormancy.

2. Excessive sunshine: loose-tailed sunflower likes the semi-overcast environment from May to September. When the sun shines directly, there will be some phenomena such as leaf yellowing, focal tip, focal edge and so on. During this period, it should be placed under a shade or under a big tree to avoid direct sunlight.

3. The basin soil is too dry: loose-tailed sunflower needs to provide sufficient water during its growth. When the basin soil is dry for a long time, the leaf tip and leaf edge will dry and scorch because the growth of the plant does not get enough water.

4. The basin soil is too wet: it is not that as long as there is water in the basin soil, plants can absorb and utilize it. When the basin soil is too wet, it affects the respiration of the plant root, which affects the water absorption of the root system, and leads to the lack of water in the plant, which leads to the focal tip and edge of the leaf.

5. Excessive fertilization: excessive fertilization will cause the reverse osmosis of plant root cells and make the plant lose water. If the degree is light, it will lead to the focal tip and edge of the leaf, and in serious cases, it will cause rotten root death.

Matters needing attention of loose tail sunflower

1. Humidity management: loose-tailed sunflower likes a humid climate, requiring the relative temperature of the air in the growing environment to be 70-80%. If the air relative humidity is too low, it will dry up the leaf tip.

2, temperature management: because loose-tailed sunflower is native to the tropics and likes high temperature environment, it has strict requirements on winter temperature. When it is lower than 10 ℃, it grows slowly and begins to enter semi-dormant or dormant state. When it is less than 5 ℃, it can not safely survive the winter. In summer, it can be tolerated when the temperature is above 35 ℃, but its growth will be temporarily hindered. The most suitable growth temperature is 18-30 ℃.

3. Light management: loose-tailed sunflower is not strict with light, likes plenty of sunshine and can withstand half-shade, but grows better when there is enough light.

4. Fertilizer and water management: for potted plants, in addition to adding organic fertilizer to potted plants, proper fertilizer and water management should be carried out in the usual maintenance process.

5. Reasonable pruning: winter pruning, when the plant enters a dormant or semi-dormant period in winter, the branches such as thin, disease and insect pests, withered and overdense should be cut off.