Culture methods of Catharanthus roseus

Catharanthus roseus is also known as daily spring, daily grass, daily new, thirty thousand flowers, 04:00 spring, clock flower, wild goose red and so on. It is a subshrub plant of the genus Catharanthus roseus of the oleander family, with high ornamental value, but the toxicity of the whole plant requires consideration. Eating by mistake will cause symptoms such as leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, muscle weakness, limb paralysis and so on. Let's take a look at the breeding methods and matters needing attention of Catharanthus roseus.

Growth habits of Catharanthus roseus

Catharanthus roseus originates from Mediterranean coast, India and tropical America. The cultivation history of Catharanthus roseus in China is not long. It is mainly cultivated in the south of the Yangtze River. It is widely cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and other provinces (autonomous regions). It is used for pot cultivation and planting trough. The most suitable temperature is 20: 33 ℃, like sunshine, avoid dampness and fear waterlogging, general soil can be cultivated, but saline-alkali soil is not suitable, sandy or humus-rich soil with good drainage, ventilation and ventilation is better, flowering and fruiting period is almost all year round.

Cutting Seedling of Catharanthus roseus

The cuttings of Catharanthus roseus are mostly carried out from April to July, and the mature shoots without diseases and insect pests should be selected as cuttings. Generally, the shoots at the top of the plant are 10 cm long and 12 cm long, and the length of cuttings is 5 cm to 7 cm. The cutting medium was a mixture of plain sand, vermiculite and peat, wrapped in a small mass of mud at the base of the cuttings, and cut in a cold bed at room temperature of 20 ~ 24 ℃. After about 20 days, the cuttings could be transplanted to the pot after rooting and survival. Because the growth of cutting seedlings is not as good as that of sowing seedlings, it is rarely used in cultivation.

Sowing and raising seedlings of Catharanthus roseus

1. Seed collection time: the ripening period of Catharanthus roseus fruit is different due to different flowering time, so seeds should be picked along with ripening. After the fruit is ripe and the color turns black, the skin is easy to crack and lose the seeds, so it is necessary to collect seeds in time. When you see the pericarp yellowing and can vaguely reflect the black seeds inside, it should be harvested.

2. Sowing time: the suitable temperature for Catharanthus roseus seed germination is 20-25 ℃, usually sowing and propagating from March to May, and more annual cultivation. In order to bloom early, the seedlings can be sowed and raised in the greenhouse in early spring. Under the environment of 20 ℃, the warm spring can be moved to the open field for cultivation.

3. Seedling bed preparation: Catharanthus roseus seedling bed should choose a place with high and cool terrain, south facing sun and good drainage, and the matrix should be prepared with peat + perlite according to 3 ∶ 1, or rotten leaf soil, which can be poured through with 500 to 600 times carbendazim solution, slightly dry and then loosen and level the land to make a border surface 1.2m wide.

4. Sowing techniques: Catharanthus roseus is sown with about 1000 seeds per square meter. After sowing, it should be covered with fine sand, so as not to make the seeds see the light directly. Pour enough water with a fine spray pot and cover with a film or grass curtain to keep the soil moist. Seedlings can emerge in 7 days and 10 days. Remove the film or grass curtain after emergence and gradually increase the light. The seedlings grow slowly in the seedling period, but grow faster when the temperature rises, and the seedlings should be planted in time. In order to prevent Catharanthus roseus quenching disease, 800 times chlorothalonil or methyl topiramate should be sprayed once a week for 2 to 3 weeks.

Culture methods of Catharanthus roseus

1. Soil: Catharanthus roseus should be fertile and well drained soil, resistant to barren soil, but must not be alkaline. Clayey soil with hardening and poor ventilation results in poor growth of plants, yellowing leaves and no flowering.

2. Sunshine: Catharanthus roseus is a light-loving plant. During the growing period, there must be sufficient sunshine, green leaves and bright colors. If you grow in the shade for a long time, the leaves will turn yellow and fall.

Temperature: Catharanthus roseus prefers a warm, slightly dry and sunny environment. The suitable temperature for growth is 18: 24 ℃ from March to July, 13: 18 ℃ from September to March of the following year, and the winter temperature is not lower than 10 ℃.

4. Watering: Catharanthus roseus avoid dampness and fear of waterlogging, basin soil watering should not be too much, too wet affects growth and development. In particular, indoor winter plants should be strictly controlled watering, it is better to dry, otherwise it is easy to freeze. Open field cultivation, midsummer showers, pay attention to timely drainage, so as not to cause the whole area to die by waterlogging.

5. Fertilization: Catharanthus roseus can be applied alternately by compound fertilizer and liquid fertilizer every ten days. The bottom of the Catharanthus roseus pot soil should also be covered with a layer of base fertilizer as far as possible to ensure the nutrient content of the pot soil.

6. Insect pests: Catharanthus roseus plants are poisonous, so they are more resistant to diseases and insect pests. The main diseases in seedling stage are seedling quenching disease, Botrytis cinerea and so on. In addition, it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of fertilizer and drug damage in seedling stage. If it happens, it should be watered with clean water immediately to strengthen ventilation and reduce the harm.

7. Pruning: Catharanthus roseus is a herbaceous plant, which is more suitable for potted plants, but it should be careful not to let the plant grow too high, affecting indoor decoration and ornamental, so after surviving in the pot, it is necessary to pick the heart several times to promote multiple branches and blossoms, and the residual flowers must be cut after flowering.