Production and maintenance of Apple Bonsai

Apple bonsai, as its name implies, is to cultivate apples into the form of bonsai for people to watch, which has a very high ornamental value, and the apple bonsai takes the sound of "apple" to show the meaning of peace, so it can be watched and eaten. It is sweet and refreshing to eat, which is really a good gift. Let's take a look at the production and maintenance of apple bonsai.

Variety selection

When selecting materials, apple bonsai should have the characteristics of dwarfing, thick roots, short branches, small leaves, large and colorful fruits, late maturity, early flowering and early fruiting, high fruit setting rate and self-pollination, strong disease resistance and strong ability to adapt to pot environment.

Selection of basin to match soil

Apple bonsai is made of tile pots, buckets and wooden boxes with a diameter of 40 cm, bottom diameter of 35 cm and height of 30 cm. The nutrient soil formula is 6 parts of fertile ripe soil, 2 parts of river sand, 1 part of rotten sheep dung, 1 part of retting leaves and horseshoe fermentative fertilizer, which are evenly mixed and screened according to proportion.

Put on the basin at the right time

The seedlings with strong plants, full bud eyes and no diseases and insect pests were selected to be planted in the pot in the first and middle of April. When planting, the roots were soaked and disinfected with 5-degree stone-sulfur mixture, and the necrotic roots were cut off. First, a small amount of nutritious soil was loaded into the bottom of the basin and put into the seedlings. The root system will be evenly distributed, buried firmly, and watered in time to ensure survival.

Fertilizer and water management

0.2% quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer was applied before and after apple bonsai sprouting, and liquid fertilizer was applied every 10 days from May, mainly 200 times liquid organic cake fertilizer, supplemented by 0.2% inorganic liquid fertilizer, such as urea, diammonium, ammonium sulfate and so on. Foliar fertilizer spraying is carried out during the fruit expansion period, which can be sprayed with 0.3% 0.5% urea and 3% plant ash leaching solution. The autumn shoot grows vigorously, and the fruit is close to the ripening period. 200 times organic liquid fertilizer is applied once every semimonthly. New shoots stop growing, fruit ripening period, according to plant growth, topdressing once every 10 days or so, mainly 200 times organic liquid fertilizer, combined with 0.2% inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. The soil should be dry and thoroughly irrigated, and water should be replenished in time during germination, flowering and fruit expansion. In order to promote flower bud differentiation in June, water should be properly controlled, and less water should be watered in the rainy season from July to August.

Shaping and pruning

The canopy of apple bonsai should be controlled from one-year-old seedlings, and the stem height should be equal to or twice as high as that of the pot. the coiled branch pulling method should be adopted to restrain the growth and promote the branching. it can also pick out the required height of one-year-old seedlings, promote the trunk and send out new branches. Cultivating the tree shape of the new technique and twisting the twisting of the overgrown branches and competitive branches between the 5-7 leaves of the branches can effectively control the height of the tree, prevent excessive growth and promote flower buds. It is necessary to make full use of the growing branches and competitive correction, combined with twisting, coring, engraving and ring peeling, which can cultivate a large number of fruiting branches and promote them to form flower buds so as to achieve the goal of early fruiting and multi-fruiting.

Pest control

Potted apple due to fine management, good ventilation and light transmission, robust growth, fewer diseases and insect pests, once the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, it is necessary to timely remove diseased branches, diseased leaves, diseased fruits, scrape off diseased spots, and artificially capture pests. When diseases and insect pests are serious, fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate, chlorothalonil and other fungicides are sprayed on fallen flowers for 1 or 2 times to control fruit and leaf diseases. Insecticides mainly composed of pyrethroids were sprayed twice from April to May to control aphids, leaf rollers and other pests. From June to July, acaricides were sprayed twice to control red spiders and peach heart borer. From July to August, fungicides such as carbendazim, topzine and Bordeaux were sprayed to control early deciduous leaf disease, ring disease and anthracnose.

Pour the basin and change the soil

In order to fertilize and prune the roots, improve the nutritional conditions and make the trees grow strong, potted apples change pots every year before dormancy in winter or before sprouting in spring. replace the original soil with a new configuration of cultivated soil (containing organic fertilizer and chemicals to kill underground pests). When inverting the basin and changing the soil, first use a piece of bamboo to turn around along the inner wall of Yi, then invert the basin, hold the apple plant and soil mass by hand, and make it pour out under the action of gravity. Then use a sharp knife to cut off the old soil and roots 3cm thick in the periphery of the clod, and then put them into a new basin containing cultivated soil, compacted with new cultivated soil, and watered thoroughly.

Flower and fruit management

1. Artificial pollination: in order to ensure the fruit setting rate of potted apples, the flowers of pollinated varieties were taken from orchards with similar phenological phase to obtain pollen 2-3 days before flowering, and artificial pollination was carried out in the early stage of potted apple blooming on the morning of flowering. Spray 0.25% borax during flowering to increase the fruit setting rate.

2. Timely bagging: after physiological fruit drop, in order to improve fruit quality and prevent diseases and insect pests from harming the fruit, fruit bagging was carried out, and the fruit bag was removed 15-30 days before fruit ripening to make the fruit colored.

3. Coloring and sticking words: potted apples have the characteristics of convenient management, turning the basin in the later stage of fruit growth to make the fruit fully colored. Remove the fruit bag 15-30 days before ripening and paste the words or patterns or patterns on the sunny side of the fruit, such as Fu, Shou, Xi, Lu, Fa, and auspicious. when the fruit is colored and ripe, the sticker will be removed, the words and all kinds of beautiful patterns will be revealed on the fruit to make the potted apple more beautiful.