Cultivation techniques of pomegranate bonsai

Pomegranate, also known as Shanliye, Danruo, Ruomu, Jinpang, Tulin, Tianjia, etc., is a deciduous tree or shrub of the pomegranate family. Chinese traditional culture regards pomegranate as a mascot and a symbol of many children and blessings. It has a very high cultivation value, which is not only able to enjoy flowers, but also eat fruit, so it is deeply loved by people. Let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of pomegranate bonsai.

Growth habits of pomegranate bonsai

Pomegranate is native to Iran and its neighboring areas. It is cultivated in temperate and tropical zones all over the world. It is born in mountains with an altitude of 300 to 1000 meters. It likes a warm and sunny environment, is resistant to drought and cold, is also tolerant to barren, not tolerant, waterlogging and shading, and is not strict with the soil, but it is suitable for cultivation with sandy soil with good drainage.

Pile management of pomegranate bonsai

Pomegranate production bonsai mostly choose small pomegranate tree species with low plant state, small leaves and small flowers and fruits, such as fire pomegranate, four seasons pomegranate, agate pomegranate and so on. The seedlings obtained by sowing method and cutting method can be planted on the ground for more than 3 years before cutting and accumulating branches to cultivate small and medium-sized bonsai. If you want to make large bonsai, you can dig tree stumps in the mountains or buy old potted pomegranates in the market.

Branch storage management of pomegranate bonsai

According to the shape of the tree, the pomegranate should truncate the trunk at the appropriate height of the trunk and truncate the main branch, which can be made into a variety of styles, such as straight dry type, oblique dry type, curved dry type, etc., some ancient pile pomegranate bonsai, the trunk is composed of two pieces of bark with xylem, and there is fruit on the branches at the top of each bark. Pomegranate trees have a certain degree of cold resistance, a little protection in the leeward to the sun, in order to make the trees grow fast, it is better to plant them on the ground. Pomegranate trees like fertilizer. In addition to applying basic fertilizer when planting, pomegranate trees apply rotten and thin organic fertilizer every half a month during the peak growth period of spring and summer. The growth rate is relatively fast, and when the thickness of the branch reaches about 70% of the ideal thickness, the branch is cut short to promote the growth and development of lateral branches.

Forming management of pomegranate bonsai

After several years of branch cultivation and pruning, pomegranate stumps are planted in ornamental bowls of suitable size and style in early spring when they basically meet the requirements of design composition. Straight and oblique dry pomegranates can be planted in oval medium depth or shallower pots, and curved dry pomegranates can be planted in square medium depth pots. At this stage of cultivation, it is still necessary to apply more fertilizer to promote tree growth and better shape. On the other hand, we should also take into account the need for appreciation.

Maintenance technology of pomegranate bonsai

1. Plastic surgery: pomegranate trees have strong sprouting power and grow new branches several times a year. In general, strong new branches growing in spring can form fruiting mother branches. in the following spring, the terminal buds or axillary buds from these branches produce short new branches that often blossom, among which the flowers with terminal buds are the most likely to set fruit. Buds that grow in summer and autumn should be removed in time. Bonsai plastic surgery is often carried out before sprouting in spring, cutting off overgrown, over-dense and weak branches, and pay attention to preserving those strong fruiting mother branches.

2. Fertilization: pomegranate trees prefer fertilizer than ordinary flowers and trees, put more fermented hoof or cake fertilizer at the bottom of the basin when turning the basin, and fertilize with more phosphorus when fertilizing in the peak growth period of spring and summer.

3. Environment: the period from late April to early June is the budding period of pomegranate. There should be sufficient light and less watering to make the basin soil dry. When the new leaves on the branches wilt slightly, put the pomegranate tree in the shade for 30 minutes, and then pour enough water into the basin. Repeat this several times, and buds will appear in about 20 days.

4. Fruit thinning: after the pomegranate fruit is in prison, the pomegranate fruit that does not need too much fruit should be cut off, and a medium-sized pomegranate bonsai should have 3 or 5 fruits. The distribution of fruits should be scattered, sparse and dense, and can not be equidistant. If there are too many fruits, in addition to being disorganized, it will also affect the results of next year.

Daily management of pomegranate bonsai

1. Sunshine: the pomegranate likes the sun, and it can shine all day without shade all the year round. Put it in a ventilated and sunny place and you don't have to move frequently.

2. Watering: pomegranates like to be dry and should not be watered too much. Watering during flowering should be careful not to water flowers. If water seeps into the ovary, it will cause pedicel rot and drop flowers and fruits. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent Rain Water from infiltrating in rainy days and watering during pollination.

3. Fertilization: pomegranate likes fertilizer, and fully mature base fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer can be applied when changing pots, preferably bone meal, with high phosphorus content and long fertilizer period. Usually apply once every 10 days or half a month, do not apply raw fertilizer. In the flowering period or about to set fruit can not be fertilized, which is the key to pomegranate fruit, if the fertility is too sufficient, the flower is easy to fall, the fruit is difficult to bear.

4. Cold protection: pomegranate is not cold-resistant. The pomegranate will blossom and bear fruit in the coming year if it is frozen, so it is necessary to do a good job in the thermal insulation management of the pomegranate in winter.

5. branch thinning: pomegranate has a strong germinating power, and the germinating branches should be thinned in time, and the branches and leaves should be often trimmed, the tree shape should be maintained, ventilation and light should be strengthened, and if there are too many results, they should be thinned in time to ensure nutrient supply and blossom and fruit in the coming year.

Pomegranate bonsai disease and pest control

1. Pomegranate dry rot

[symptoms] it harms the fruit and also infects the branches. the young fruit is generally infected with a light brown spot around the calyx tube, which gradually expands until the whole fruit is rotten, and the disease spot is easy to occur under the leaves from July to September, and the dehydration turns into a brown stiff fruit after the disease occurs. The storage period can cause the fruit to rot and produce dense black spots on the fruit surface. The branches are killed, the bark becomes dark brown and dry, and there are dense small black spots on it. The junction between the disease and health is often cracked, and the diseased skin is warped up, resulting in peeling off, the diseased branches are weak, the leaves turn yellow, and the upper part dies quickly.

[control] ① should strengthen cultivation management and improve the disease resistance of trees. ② clean orchard, winter combined with pruning to remove diseased branches, rotten fruit and so on. In summer, the diseased fruit should be removed, buried or burned at any time. ③ should pay attention to protect the tree from freezing or injury. ④ fruit bagging. ⑤ scrapes off the disease spot and buries the disease spot deeply, and smears it to protect it, such as Fumei arsenic. ⑥ spray stone sulfur mixture in early spring, Bordeaux liquid and carbendazim were used alternately from May to August, spraying once every 15 to 20 days, the effect was better.

2. Pomegranate brown spot

[symptoms] after infection, the leaves showed small black-brown spots at the beginning and nearly round after expansion, with black to black-brown edges, slightly convex and grayish brown in the middle. The symptoms on the back of the leaf are the same as those on the front. The disease spot on the fruit is nearly round or irregular, black is slightly concave, and there are also gray fluffy grain spots. The outer edge of the disease spot is yellowish white after fruit coloring.

[control] ① should strengthen cultivation management, reasonable pruning and enhance tree potential. ② clean the orchard and burn or bury the fallen leaves and fruits in the orchard after falling leaves. ③ chemical control with 140x equal volume Bordeaux solution or 80% ultra-fine carbendazim 0.125-0.17% solution, spraying once at the initial stage of the disease, the control effect can reach more than 80%, and the effect is better if sprayed three times in a row.

3. Peach borer

[symptoms] the eggs were mainly laid in the pomegranate calyx tube, and most of the newly hatched larvae ate or drilled into the fruit in the calyx tube or double fruit or sticking to the leaves. The larvae have the characteristics of turning to the main harm. After maturing, the larvae often form cocoons in the damaged fruits or between the fruits and in the cracks in the bark, and pupate in the cocoons.

[prevention] ① scraped the bark and blocked the tree hole in early spring. ② plug the calyx tube with 10 grams of soil and 10 kilograms of water, and plug the calyx tube into a mud mass wall, which can effectively prevent the harm of larvae, and the period of validity is 70-80 days. ③ has a strong taxis to sunflower disk by using peach borer to lay eggs. Some sunflowers can be planted around the orchard to induce adults to lay eggs and spray regularly. 0.1% solution of 50% fenitrothasone emulsion was sprayed during the occurrence of adult ④, and the insecticidal rate was more than 90% 5 days after application in the field. Spraying 50% phoxim or 90% trichlorfon 0.1% solution twice during the incubation period of the first generation eggs and larvae has a good effect.

4. Spodoptera litura

[symptoms] the larvae can eat harmful buds and leaves. The body color of the larva is similar to that of the bark and is not easy to be found. it is quiet during the day and feeds at night, and the mature larvae pupate and Eclosion at the intersection of the tree trunk. At the end of September, the mature larvae went down to the tree, pupated in the soil near the trunk and overwintered, the generations overlapped, and the adults sucked fruit juice.

[control] after falling leaves to before sprouting, overwintering pupae were dug around the trunk of ①. Spraying 90% trichlorfon 0.15% solution and 50% phoxim EC 0.2% solution during the occurrence of ② larvae can be effectively controlled.

5. Spodoptera litura

[symptoms] there were two generations a year, and the mature larvae overwintered in the cocoon and began to pupate in late May of the following year. The first generation of adults occurred from mid-July to late August. The second generation larvae began to harm at the end of July, and the damage was the most serious in the first and middle August. The newly hatched larvae concentrated on the back of the leaves, gradually dispersed after growing up, and ate all the leaves, leaving only the petiole.

[control] ① in winter combined with winter scissors, cut off insect cocoons. During the period of concentrated damage to the larvae, ② inspected the orchard and picked the leaves to kill the larvae. Spraying 90% trichlorfon and 50% dichlorvos 0.15% solution during the occurrence period of ③ larvae had good control effect.

6. Tortoise wax scale

[symptoms] in one generation, the fertilized female adults overwintered on the branchlets, and the damage began in March and April of the following year. The wheat harvest period was the peak spawning period, and the larvae began to feed in late June and secrete wax to form a shell. The first hatching worm has strong vitality and can be transmitted over a long distance by the wind. The insect began to differentiate in late July, and male and female adults appeared in September. After mating, the male died, the female continued to harm, and entered the overwintering state in November.

[control] during the overwintering period of ①, the bark was artificially scraped and the insect tips were cut off and 5% diesel emulsion could be sprayed. ② can spray 5 °stone sulfur mixture once in early spring. ③ summer egg incubation period spray 50% wettable carbaryl 0.17% solution.

7. Scale insects

The last instar nymphs overwintered on the cortical cracks, old skin and fruit stalks of 2-year-old branches, and began to harm in April of the second year. With the growth of nymphs, wax quilts gradually formed and differentiated into male and female. In the first ten days of May, the back of the female adult rises and lays eggs in the felt sac. The nymph incubation period is from the end of May to the beginning of June, mid-late July, late August to early September. At the beginning of October, the nymph began to overwinter. It is mainly spread by seedlings and cuttings.

[control] ① can be brushed from top to bottom on the branches of seriously damaged orchards with a hard brush stained with internal insecticides, and the effect is better. The stinging period of ② overwintering nymphs in early spring is the key period for chemical control. The best control effect is 3 °5 °stone sulfur mixture and 0.3% washing powder, and the control effect is more than 95%.