Culture methods and matters needing attention of rubber trees

Rubber tree is a famous potted foliage plant, also known as rubber tree, Brazilian rubber and so on. It is a large tree of the genus Ficus of Moraceae. It has high ornamental value and is very suitable for indoor beautification. Small and medium-sized plants are often used to beautify the living room and study. Medium and large plants are suitable to be arranged on both sides of the foyer of large buildings and in the center of the lobby. Let's take a look at the breeding methods and points for attention of rubber trees.

Growth habits of rubber trees

Rubber tree is native to Brazil and is widely cultivated in tropical Asia. It is cultivated in Taiwan, southern Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and southern Yunnan, especially in Hainan and Yunnan. Sex like high temperature, humid, sunny environment, suitable growth temperature 20: 25 ℃, avoid direct sunlight. It is also shady but not cold-resistant, and the safe overwintering temperature is 5 ℃. Resistant to air dryness. Avoid clayey soil, not resistant to barren and drought, like loose, fertile and well-drained slightly acidic soil.

Propagation methods of rubber trees

1. Cutting method: the cutting time is in late spring and early summer, which can be combined with pruning. Cuttings often choose one-year-old semi-lignified middle branches, and the wound should be sealed in time with cement or plant ash. The length of cuttings is to keep 3 buds as the standard, cut off the lower leaf, close the upper two leaves, and tie them with a thin plastic rope. The cuttings are then cut on a bed with plain sand or frog stone as the substrate. Keep the plug-in bed with high humidity after insertion, but do not accumulate water, the suitable temperature is 18-25 ℃, often sprinkle water to the ground to improve air humidity, and do a good job of shading and ventilation, it can take root in about 2-3 weeks.

2. Striping method: select 2-year-old branches with appropriate size, good development and abundant tissue, and make a light circular peeling of about 1 cm in width in the predetermined part of the soil, and apply 30~50ppm 's naphthalene acetic acid solution, then wrap the ring cutting part with wet soil or moss mixture or vermiculite that absorbs enough water, wrap it with plastic film on the outside, tie it tightly at the lower end, and leave holes at the upper end to facilitate ventilation and irrigation. Pay attention to maintenance, pressing in June and rooting from July to August. After taking root, the potted plant can be cut off.

Culture methods of rubber trees

1. Temperature: the rubber tree has the best temperature of 20-25 degrees, even if it is above 30 degrees, it can grow well, but in winter, if the temperature is too low, the rubber tree will produce a large number of fallen leaves and its cold tolerance is very poor. Northern China needs to spend the winter in a greenhouse.

2. Lighting: it is really good to say that sunlight is the food of plants, and sunshine is also a treasure in the cultivation of rubber trees. giving it enough sunlight can make it thrive and give it proper shade from May to September.

3. Fertilization: the existence of fertilizer is like calcium supplement, which can enhance its "health". Fertilization is also one of the key points in the cultivation methods of rubber trees, which can reduce the occurrence of markings and make the leaves bright. Just use nitrogen fertilizer. Stop fertilizing in winter.

4. Pruning: when it's time to prune the rubber tree, cut off the branches inside the crown, inward branches and thin branches to maintain its internal ventilation, good light transmission and overall shape. Usually, in the cultivation method of rubber tree, the basin must be turned once every 2 years, and materials such as rotten leaf soil are added to reconfigure it. It likes loam soil with loose and good drainage.

5. Soil: rubber trees like fertile, loose and slightly acidic soil, and basin soil should be prepared with 4 parts of rotten leaf soil, grass ash soil plus about one part of river sand and a small amount of base fertilizer.

6. Watering: when it is hot in summer, the rubber tree grows faster and should be fertile and watery, but to avoid stagnant water in the basin. Gradually reduce watering after entering autumn, promote plant growth and enrichment, which is conducive to its overwintering.

Matters needing attention in the culture of rubber trees

1. The suitable temperature for rubber tree growth is 25: 30 ℃. If the leaf is lower than 3 ℃ in winter, the leaves will turn yellow and fall off, so it should be placed in the sunny place indoors in winter and keep the room temperature above 10 ℃. When more than 35 ℃ in summer, the plant should be moved to a cool and ventilated place for maintenance, and timely water spray to cool down.

2. Rubber tree is a plant of Moraceae, and the whole plant contains milk. Therefore, immediately after each pruning, the incision should be blocked with cement or coated with charcoal powder, so as not to drain too much juice and cause water loss and death.

3. The rubber tree needs to change the direction of the basin regularly in the seedling stage, in order to prevent the plant from growing on one side, resulting in small and correct plant shape and beautiful appearance.

4. After the general rubber tree seedlings, due to the larger and larger roots, resulting in soil consolidation, hindering soil ventilation, resulting in rubber trees yellowing, serious may die. It is appropriate to change the basin before the new buds grow in spring every year. Loosen the soil every 15 to 20 days until it returns to normal growth.

The culture value of rubber tree

1. Ornamental value: the leaves of rubber tree are bright and evergreen. It is a large shade-tolerant foliage plant. Whether the rubber tree potted plant is placed in the hall corridor in the ordinary family, or decorated in the lobby of the hotel, it is a very good decorative material, and the growth ability is exuberant, do not need how to care.

2. Purify the air: rubber trees can exuberant photosynthesis and transpiration in sunny places, regulating air humidity and oxygen content. And rubber tree has a unique dust purification function, but also can absorb formaldehyde in volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and other harmful gases, so that indoor turbid air can be purified.

3. Fengshui function: rubber tree living at home is related to the harmony of the family, the cultivation of interpersonal context, and so on. The placement of the rubber tree will affect the luck and prospects of the family. Putting the rubber tree in the appropriate position indoors can promote prosperity and dissolve the indoor yin and dampness.

What if the rubber tree loses its leaves?

1. Lack of light: lack of light is one of the reasons why rubber trees lose their leaves. Rubber trees are sun-loving and shade-tolerant plants. If you put the rubber tree in a dark place for a long time, it is easy for the rubber tree to lose its leaves without sunlight. Put the rubber tree in a sunny place to keep a good light, and it is best to get all-weather sunlight in winter.

2. Too low temperature: too low temperature is also the reason for the loss of leaves of rubber trees. Rubber trees like places with high temperature, high humidity and plenty of sunshine, and the suitable growth temperature is 20-25 ℃. Especially in winter, rubber trees begin to lose their leaves when the temperature is below 10 ℃. At this time, you need to move the rubber trees indoors or other hotter places to raise them, but be careful to have sunlight.

3. Improper watering: rubber trees will lose their leaves if they are watered too frequently or without watering for a long time. Rubber trees must be often watered during their growth, especially in the hot summer season, because of their large evaporation, they need to be watered not only from their roots, but also from their leaves. However, the potted soil for planting rubber trees is too wet and easy to rot, so it must be watered when the potted soil is dry.

4, pest attack: rubber trees sometimes have pest problems, leaves with red spiders, branches and leaves with shell insects will appear rubber tree leaf falling phenomenon. The occurrence of leaf loss in rubber trees should be checked to see if it is a pest problem and dealt with in a timely manner.

Pruning methods of rubber trees

1. Pruning season: the pruning of rubber trees should pay attention to "winter pruning, summer control side". That is, heavy pruning of strong trees and light pruning of weak trees in winter, with emphasis on pruning upright and strong competitive branches from the base. In summer, the pruning of rubber trees should be carried out to re-control the strong branches, control the strong and retain the weak, adjust the balance of the tree situation, and master the principles of strong side strike, heavy pruning of strong branches, light pruning of weak branches and more twigs, so as to achieve the pruning purpose of highlighting the trunk and promoting the growth of trees.

2. Pruning height: the pruning cut of the rubber tree should be smooth and the wall crack should be strictly prevented. The suitable height of stubble is 1 cm to 2 cm. Too high and too low will affect wound healing and tree growth. The suitable pruning season for rubber trees is early spring or late autumn and winter. It is suitable for early spring before the sap flows. If the tree is pruned when it sprouts, the water transpiration is fast, the water is lost, and a lot of nutrients are consumed, which is not conducive to the growth of the tree. If the rubber tree is pruned in summer, be careful not to prune on cloudy and rainy days, so as not to soak the wound and become infected with diseases.

3. Pruning techniques: in the shaping and pruning of rubber trees, it is sometimes necessary to highlight the growth of the trunk or main branches, remove the branches that are too dense or affect the shaping of the branches, and the common methods of pruning the main branches are wiping buds and thinning branches. To erase the budding buds, to achieve the purpose of inhibiting the growth of lateral branches, the principle is to eliminate the growth of lateral branches in the budding state, so that nutrients are concentrated to supply the growth of main branches. That is, the branches are cut off from the base of the branches with shears, which are often used to remove overdense branches, and thinning is a remedial measure for wiping buds, that is, because the buds are not wiped in time, lateral branches have been formed, and some redundant lateral branches are removed in order to strengthen the growth or modeling of the trunk.

4. Pruning and maintenance: after pruning, in order to prevent excessive loss of cut milk and affect survival, the wound should be smeared with plant ash in time. The treated cuttings are cut in the bed with river sand or vermiculite as the matrix, keep the bed with high humidity after cutting, and often sprinkle water to the ground (but not stagnant water) to improve the air humidity. Under the condition of 18-25 ℃ and semi-overcast, it can take root after about 2-3 weeks.

Four Seasons Management of Rubber Tree

1. Spring management: change the basin when the temperature is about 15 ℃ in spring every year, and trim it properly before changing the basin. Spring should be arranged in places with light, keep the basin soil moist, and often spray water around it to increase air humidity. Young plants can begin to apply fertilizer after seeing the emergence of new leaves. When the temperature is high at the end of spring, move it to the indoor layout and cultivation under half-light or scattered light.

2. Summer management: rubber trees are resistant to high temperature and hot sun, but when the light is too strong, the leaf color is easy to lose luster, which is not conducive to ornamental. The rubber tree cloth can be placed in a brightly lit place indoors. The room with weak light is not good for its growth. Because the rubber tree has many and large leaves and large water consumption, it should be watered in time to keep the basin soil moist, and spray more to its leaves and all around to meet its requirements for air humidity.

3. Autumn management: in autumn, the potted plants should be moved to the lighted windowsill or balcony to keep the basin soil moist. When the temperature is high at noon, spray water and spray on the surrounding and leaves to increase air humidity. In order to enhance its cold resistance in autumn, it can exercise in outdoor low temperature for a period of time, but it can not be hit by frost. People should move indoor with light in time before frosting.

4. Winter management: rubber tree is not cold-resistant and can withstand low temperature of 0 ℃ for a short time. But the indoor temperature should be kept at about 5 ℃, when the growth of rubber tree is stagnant, sufficient light should be ensured to make the basin soil moist and dry, and the basin soil is too wet and easy to rot roots. When the temperature is high at noon, spray water and spray on its surrounding and leaves for several times. When the indoor temperature is kept above 15 ℃, the rubber tree can grow normally. For management, see spring.