Planting techniques of Pinus tabulaeformis

Pinus tabulaeformis is a kind of pine tree, which is a coniferous evergreen tree of Pinus family. It is endemic to China and produces Northeast, Central Plains, Northwest and Southwest provinces and regions. The wood is rich in pine resin and resistant to rot. It is suitable for construction, furniture, sleepers, pillars, poles, man-made fibers and other materials. It has high cultivation value. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of Pinus tabulaeformis.

Growth habits of Pinus tabulaeformis

Pinus tabulaeformis is a light-loving, deep-rooted tree species with dry and cold climate. it can grow well on acidic, neutral or calcareous loess with deep soil layer and good drainage. China is produced in southern Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Sichuan provinces. It is born in the zone of 100m to 2600m above sea level and forms a simple forest. The vertical distribution increases gradually from east to west and from north to south. There are artificial forests in Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces.

Sowing techniques of Pinus tabulaeformis

1. Seed collection: Pinus tabulaeformis, which is 30 to 50 years old, is selected as the mother plant of Pinus tabulaeformis with beautiful shape, good dryness, strong resistance and no diseases and insect pests. The cones collected in early October are the best time for seed collection, and the collected cones are placed in a ventilated place to dry. The seeds are disinfected with 75% chlorothalonil wettable particles 800 times liquid spray after seed removal, and dried and stored in a low temperature and dry place.

2. Container seedling cultivation: choose the place where the leeward to the sun is easy to operate as the seedling breeding ground. The nursery land should be ploughed to make a low bed or flat bed. A nutrition bowl with a height of 10 cm and a diameter of 7 cm was used as seedling container, and the substrate was made from sandy loam and fermented cow and horse manure, and disinfected.

3. Accelerating germination and sowing: the seeds of Pinus tabulaeformis should be soaked in 45 ℃ warm water for 24 hours, soaked in warm water for 24 hours, soaked in enough water, covered with wet cloth, sprayed with water every day, and the seed coat could be used for sowing after a week. Before sowing, arrange the nutrition bowl neatly on the seedling bed, then sow 5 to 7 seeds in each bowl, cover it with plain sandy soil after sowing, and then spray water to keep the soil moist.

Disinfection of Pinus tabulaeformis nursery

1. Pentachloronitrobenzene: 4 grams of pentachloronitrobenzene and 5 grams of zinc per square meter are used in the nursery. After mixing the two drugs, mix them well with 12 kilograms of fine soil and cover them when sowing. This method has a special effect on the prevention and control of soil-borne anthracnose, blight, sudden collapse, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, etc.

2. Formalin: every square meter of nursery land is evenly sprayed with formalin 50 ml plus 10 kg of water on the surface, and then covered with straw bags or plastic film, the cover is removed for about 10 days, so that the gas is released, and cutting can be sown after 2 days, which has a good effect on the prevention and control of blight, brown spot, angular spot, anthracnose and so on.

3. Bordeaux liquid: 2.5 kilograms of Bordeaux solution per square meter nursery, 10 grams of Jiasailisan are sprayed on the soil, and the soil can be sown and cut when the soil is slightly dry, which has obvious effects on the prevention and control of black spot, spot, gray mold, rust, brown spot, anthrax and so on.

4. Carbendazim: carbendazim can control a variety of fungal diseases, and has obvious effect on diseases caused by ascomycetes and half-knowledge fungi. 50% wettable powder is used for soil disinfection, 1.5 grams per square meter is applied to control root rot, stem rot, leaf blight, gray spot, etc., and poisonous soil can also be sprinkled on the seedling bed at the proportion of 1:20, which can effectively control seedling diseases.

5. Ferrous sulfate: the soil is treated with 3% solution, 0.5 kg per square meter, which can control coniferous flower seedling blight, peach and plum leaf shrinkage, and can also treat chlorosis of iron-deficient flowers.

6. Benzoammonium: it is an organic sulfur fungicide with strong bactericidal power and can infiltrate into the plant body. After decomposition in the plant body, it still has a certain fertilizer effect. 350 times the solution of 50% water and irrigating 3 kg diluent per square meter of nursery soil can not only control black spot, downy mildew, powdery mildew and blight of flowers, but also effectively control a variety of diseases of bulbs.

7. Aseptic bacteria: evenly spread into the tree hole with aseptic bacteria, real strength and slag can effectively prevent root diseases and underground pests, and soil disinfection should be carried out before sowing.

Seedling raising techniques of Pinus tabulaeformis

1. Soil preparation and bed preparation: before soil preparation, 50 jin of ferrous sulfate is applied, and then 20 cm deep is turned over with a shovel, and then the bed is made flat. The bed is 1.5 meters wide and 20 to 50 meters long. The seedlings about 50 cm are planted in fixed-point holes with a row spacing of 1.5 meters × 1.5 meters, and 300 plants are planted in each row.

2. Digging holes to plant seedlings: when planting Pinus tabulaeformis, each row is fixed in the center of the border, the hole is 30 × 30 cm, leaving loose soil 4 to 5 cm, if the soil ball packaged by grass rope, it can not be untied, if it is packed by nylon rope and plastic, it must be removed, so as not to cause the bad effect of planting dead seedlings. After the seedlings are planted, the border surface is smooth and can be watered. If the seedling leaves turn yellow, it is iron deficiency and ferrous sulfate should be applied.

3. Fertilizer and water management: after Pinus tabulaeformis is planted, water is applied twice in a week, then the soil can be loosened and the soil moisture can be preserved, and then it can be irrigated again in early May, and once in June and ferrous sulfate in August. Dig a hole at the edge of the plant. In loosening soil and weeding, can be carried out once every 20 days, requiring serious and meticulous, generally up to 4 to 5 cm deep, requiring hoing evenly, loose soil without bumpy, grass hoe clean, pick clean.

4. Pinus tabulaeformis shaping: shaping and pruning is a necessary management technology to ensure that the tree shape of Pinus tabulaeformis is beautiful, neat and consistent, grows well, and does not affect the construction of public welfare facilities in the city and people's life. What measures should be taken depends on the specific purpose of greening place, location, occupied space and artistic modeling. In general, it is inseparable from the removal of redundant branches, disease and insect branches, and the removal of prosperous and long branches with inappropriate growth direction.

5. pest control: the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of Pinus tabulaeformis should follow the principle of "timely discovery, active control and minor treatment". After the diseases and insect pests are found in the growing season, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests should be organized in time. In winter, the trunk should be coated with white or stone-spraying sulfur mixture to eliminate the trunk worm eggs and pupae.

Cold Protection of Pinus tabulaeformis

The main results are as follows: 1. The method of cold prevention with soil mulching is to bury the overwintering seedlings of Pinus tabulaeformis in the soil throughout the winter, so that the soil of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings and seedbed can maintain a certain temperature, which is not affected by the sharp change of air temperature and other external adverse factors. At the same time, it can reduce the transpiration of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings and the evaporation of soil moisture, maintain a certain amount of soil moisture, help to maintain the water balance in the seedlings, and effectively prevent the death caused by freezing injury and physiological drought of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings.

2. The method of covering grass to prevent cold: cover the seedbed with straw, weeds and straw to prevent frost damage. When the soil freezes in early winter, the thickness of the soil should not be exposed slightly. Shake the grass to cover the grass for the first time, so that the snow falls into the gap between the rows of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings, so as to avoid further snow damage to Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings. One week before spring seedling, the covered grass should be removed for 2 or 3 times to avoid the premature withdrawal of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings. If the seedbed is too dry before grass mulching, irrigation can be carried out to keep the soil moist, but do not irrigate the soil after freezing.

3. The method of setting up barriers against cold: for evergreen coniferous seedlings or some precious tree species and newly introduced broad-leaved tree seedlings, when their growth is weak, barriers can be taken to prevent cold. In cold-proof areas and pseudo-planting areas, a cold barrier should be sandwiched with whole bundles of straw every 20 to 25 meters. The cold barrier should be removed twice within 3-5 days before spring seedling, and it should not be withdrawn too early. Setting up barriers to prevent cold can not only reduce the wind speed and reduce the cold damage of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings, but also help to preserve soil moisture, increase snow cover and effectively prevent spring drought.

4. Winter irrigation cold protection method: the experimental results show that winter irrigation cold protection method can be adopted for coniferous seedlings such as Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Platycladus orientalis and so on. The furrow (or bed trail) is ploughed into a deep trench, and the ploughed soil is covered on both sides of the ridge (bed). Before freezing, the soil is irrigated on the side of the ridge (bed) to make Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings and soil maintain sufficient water, so as to meet the small amount of water consumption of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings during overwintering, and avoid and reduce the phenomenon of physiological drought.

5. The method of coating white against cold: painting white against cold has a certain effect on the overwintering cold prevention of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings. The specific method is to prepare 1% Bordeaux liquid with 1% lime and paste emulsion to spray Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings. The spraying time is about before the soil freezes. In the whole winter, the appearance of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings is grayish white, which can not only reflect sunlight, prevent sharp temperature changes, but also plug leaf stomata, inhibit transpiration, protect seedlings and prevent diseases.

6. Film cold protection method: this cold protection method is widely used in production. Seedling beds such as spruce, fir, yew, Platycladus orientalis and juniper are used as sowing seedlings to be arched with iron bars and bamboo sheets, which are covered with plastic film to make a small arch shed, which is tightly buried with soil, which is simple and easy to do. Before covering the film, the bottom water is permeated, the film is covered with heat and humidity, the temperature and humidity is suitable, the management is convenient, and it is cold in winter. The plastic arch shed can be covered with thick grass curtain to prevent cold and heat preservation.

7. Chemical prevention and treatment: use antifreeze for antifreeze spray before freezing, generally spraying 3 times for 5 times.