Cultivation techniques of potted osmanthus trees

Sweet-scented osmanthus is a common name for many trees of the genus Oleacea in China. it is widely used in garden construction. the main cultivated varieties are Jin Gui, Yin Gui, Dan Gui, laurel and so on. It has been cultivated in China for more than 2500 years and has been deeply loved by the Chinese people since ancient times. it is regarded as a traditional famous flower. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of potted osmanthus trees.

Planting environment of Osmanthus fragrans

1. Temperature: sweet-scented osmanthus trees like warmth. The average temperature in the planting area is 14: 28 ℃, the average temperature in July is 24: 28 ℃, and the average temperature in January is more than 0 ℃. It can withstand the lowest temperature of-13 ℃, and the optimum growth temperature is 15: 28 ℃. It can overwinter in the open field in the south of Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River in China. Not very hardy, but compared with other evergreen broad-leaved trees, it is still a relatively hardy tree species.

2. Moisture: sweet-scented osmanthus trees like to be moist, and humidity is extremely important to the growth and development of sweet-scented osmanthus, requiring an average annual humidity of 75-85% and an annual precipitation of about 1000 mm, especially when young and adult trees bloom, which will affect flowering in case of drought. Avoid stagnant water, but also have a certain ability to withstand drought.

3. Light: sweet-scented osmanthus likes sunlight and can bear shade. Under full light, its branches and leaves grow luxuriantly, bloom densely, and grow sparsely in the shade. If potted in the north, it is necessary to pay attention to sufficient light to facilitate growth and flower bud formation. Strong sunlight and shade are disadvantageous to its growth, and it is generally required to light 6-8 hours a day.

4. Soil: sweet-scented osmanthus is not strict on soil, except alkaline soil and low-lying land or soil with too heavy clay and poor drainage, it can generally grow, but the slightly acidic sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage is the most suitable.

5. Air: sweet-scented osmanthus has a certain resistance to harmful gases such as chlorine, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride, and has a strong ability to absorb dust. It is suitable to be planted in a ventilated and transparent place, likes a clean and ventilated environment, and is not resistant to smoke and dust. often can't blossom after being injured.

Propagation techniques of Osmanthus fragrans

1. Sowing: the fruit of sweet-scented osmanthus usually matures from April to May and can be harvested when the pericarp changes from green to purple-black. Sweet-scented osmanthus seeds have the role of post-ripening, it should be stored in sand for at least half a year, sprinkle water and pile up after harvest, remove the pulp, place in a cool place to dry the seeds naturally, store them with mixed sand, and sow in autumn or spring after sand storage. Before sowing, the ground should be well prepared, and enough basic fertilizer should be applied. It can also be sowed in the indoor seedbed. When sowing, put the seed navel on the side to avoid the bending of radicle and young stem, which will affect the growth of seedlings in the future.

2. Grafting: sweet-scented osmanthus grafted rootstocks are mostly used in privet, lobular privet, wax, water wax, etc., and lobular privet is used in mass propagation of seedlings. Before spring germination, cut the rootstock from 5 cm above the ground, cut the thick 1-2-year-old branches of sweet-scented osmanthus 10-12 cm in length, cut 2-3 cm in length on one side of the base, cut a 45-degree slope on the opposite side, cut longitudinally at about 1x3 on one side of the rootstock, about 2 cm deep, insert the scion into the incision, align the cambium, tie it up with a plastic bag, and then bury it in the soil.

3. Cutting: Osmanthus fragrans cuttings are usually cut into 5-10 cm long with annual branches before sprouting in spring, the lower leaves are cut off, and 2-3 green leaves are left in the upper part, which are inserted in the river sand or loess seedbed, with a row spacing of 3-20 cm, timely irrigation or spraying after planting, and shading, keeping the temperature 20: 25 ℃, and relative humidity 85: 90% can take root and transplant 2 months.

4. Striping: sweet-scented osmanthus can be divided into two types: low pressure and high pressure. the low pressure method is to select the flexible parts of the 1 ~ 2-year-old branches of the lower part of the low dry mother tree from spring to early summer, cut or ring-peeled and pressed into the grooves 3cm deep and fixed with wood strips. The high-pressure method is to cut or peel 1-2-year-old stout branches from the mother tree in spring with the same low-pressure method, then smear the wound with culture medium, fasten it up and down with plastic bags, and cut off the mother plant for maintenance in autumn.

Planting techniques of Osmanthus fragrans

1. Selection of pots: sweet-scented osmanthus, green leaves and yellow flowers, evergreen all seasons, it is appropriate to choose a deeper round basin or square basin, and the diameter of the basin mouth is roughly the same as the diameter of the branches and leaves of sweet-scented osmanthus, which is beneficial to the development and growth of roots. The texture of the basin is better with purple sand pottery basin or glazed pottery basin. The color is better with purple or ochre, which can be in sharp contrast with the color of flowers and leaves to increase its ornamental effect.

2. Using soil: sweet-scented osmanthus likes fertilizer, so it is suitable to use sandy loam with loose fertility and good drainage. The culture soil of potted sweet-scented osmanthus is usually made of pastoral soil, barnyard manure and river sand 1B3. Attention should be paid to disinfection so as not to infect diseases and insect pests.

3. Cultivation: sweet-scented osmanthus should be planted in early spring or autumn. Before putting on the basin, put a layer of river sand or vermiculite on the bottom of the basin to facilitate ventilation and drainage, and then cover it with a layer of peat soil or fine mud about 2-3 cm thick, up to the depth of the basin 1B3. Then, put the sweet-scented osmanthus seedlings with soil balls in the roots into the basin, obstruct the soil to cultivate the soil, press it with your fingers, and fill the soil close to the mouth of the basin. The soil surface should be 2-3 cm lower than the mouth of the basin, so as to facilitate watering and fertilization. After planting, it should be watered thoroughly, then moved to the shade for about 10 days, so that its "basin", gradually restore growth.

4. Watering: the pot soil of sweet-scented osmanthus trees should grasp the principle of whether it is dry or irrigated, and if it is watered thoroughly. Generally, it is watered every 3-4 days in spring and autumn, once every day at high temperature in summer and every 7-10 days in winter. It must be watered in the morning and evening in summer and around noon in winter, so that the water temperature is close to the soil temperature and does not cause sudden cold and heat and damage the root system. Appropriate amount of water should be watered in autumn, and the basin soil should be prevented from getting too wet or stagnant water in the rainy season.

5. Fertilization: sweet-scented osmanthus bonsai is mainly for viewing flowers, and sufficient fertilizer should be supplied. Nitrogen fertilizer can be applied twice to promote the growth of branches and leaves during shoot shooting, and phosphorus fertilizer can be applied mainly before flower bud differentiation and flowering. The pot soil should be a little drier before fertilization, and it is appropriate to loosen the soil first to facilitate the absorption of fertilizer. Water should be watered once on the second day of fertilization. If compost or stable compost is used, it must be completely rotten before use. When applying chemical fertilizer, the concentration of calcium superphosphate should not exceed 2%.

6. Pruning: the shaping and pruning of sweet-scented osmanthus trees should be carried out after autumn, and the upper branches should be cut off to balance the tree potential. The branches that are too dense should be thinned, and the diseased branches should be removed to concentrate nutrients for flowering. Plastic pruning combined with water and fertilizer management can improve the robust growth of sweet-scented osmanthus bonsai and maintain a graceful posture.

7. Change the basin: the sweet-scented osmanthus bonsai can be turned over and changed every 2-3 years. The new pot should be larger to facilitate the root growth of sweet-scented osmanthus. Combined with turning the basin, cut off part of the old and withered roots, use bamboo sticks to remove part of the old soil, replace it with loose and fertile new culture soil, and place rotten cake fertilizer at the bottom of the basin as the base fertilizer, the fill must be compacted, which can promote sweet-scented osmanthus blossom and luxuriant leaves.

8. Diseases: the common diseases of sweet-scented osmanthus include leaf spot, coal pollution, algal spot, root rot, iron deficiency and so on. Leaf spot, coal fouling and algal spot can be controlled by spraying 0.5 Bordeaux solution or 5% carbendazim 500-1000 times. Root rot disease should pay attention to keep the soil loose and breathable, do not accumulate water, for example, when root rot is caused by fungi, the root can be irrigated with 200-300 times solution of benzoammonium.

9. Insect pests: the common pests of sweet-scented osmanthus are leaf wasps, whitefly, mites, white scale, yellow moth and so on. Leaf wasps, whitefly and mites can be sprayed with 100% dimethoate 1500-3000 times. In addition to manual brushing, Changbai scale can be sprayed with 400% omethoate 1000 times or 40% fenitrothion 500 times in the first and second generation nymphs.