How to raise potted plum blossoms?

Plum blossom is a deciduous tree of the genus Prunus in Rosaceae, sometimes referring to its fruit (plum) or flower (plum blossom). It is native to southern China and has been cultivated for more than 3,000 years. There are many varieties of ornamental or fruit trees. There are many types not only cultivated in the open field, but also potted flowers and plum stakes. Let's take a look at how potted plum blossoms are raised.

The growth habit of plum blossom

Plum blossom like warm climate, cold tolerance is not strong, in addition to apricot plum varieties can withstand-25 ℃ low temperature, generally tolerant to-10 ℃ low temperature, more resistant to drought, not resistant to waterlogging, long life, up to a thousand years. Flowering is particularly sensitive to climate change, preferring high air humidity, but avoiding torrential rain. It is resistant to high temperature and can grow under the condition of 40 ℃, and the growth and development is the best in the area with annual average temperature of 16-23 ℃. It is very sensitive to temperature. It blossoms when the average temperature reaches-5: 7 ℃ in early spring. If it is at a low temperature, the flowering period is delayed. If it is at a low temperature, the flowering period can be prolonged. Growth period should be placed in a sunny, well-ventilated place, if in a shady environment, lack of light, then the growth is thin, flowering is rare. Do not enter the house too early in winter, it is appropriate to enter the house in late November, so that the differentiation of flower buds go through the vernalization stage. It should be placed in the sunny place indoors in winter and the temperature should be kept at about 5 ℃.

The potting method of plum blossom

After 2-3 years of planting and pruning in the nursery, plum blossoms can be made into plum blossom potted plants or bonsai for people to appreciate. The cultivation of potted soil is generally made of rotten leaf soil and three parts of vegetable garden soil mixed with a small amount of sandy soil. this kind of soil is soft and nutritious, has good ventilation and drainage performance, will not harden and crack when dry, and will not be closely agglomerated when wet. The upper basin is generally after the Beginning of Spring thawed, it is better to use a tile basin when planting, lay a layer of broken basin sheet at the bottom of the basin to facilitate drainage and avoid nutrient loss, and increase the space area, which is conducive to ventilation and ventilation. Cut off the overlong main root and a small amount of lateral root, leave more beard root, first pour a small amount of soil, and then put the plum pile into the pot, shake the flowerpot after adding the soil to make the loose soil sink and tighten the root, pour enough water, and put it in the sun.

Fertilization method of plum blossom

Plum blossom tolerance barren, do not need a lot of nutrients, generally do not need to fertilize too much, too many branches and leaves grow, it is not easy to form flower buds, but must not be too little nutrients and poor growth. Potted plum blossoms often grow poorly due to lack of potted soil and loss of nutrients. In addition to applying basic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the culture soil, they should also apply rotten human urine and cake water and fertilizer in the growing season. When fertilizing, the new root should reach more than 3 cm from the root of plum blossom (that is, 15-20 days after potting) and follow the principle of from less to more, from light to thick, step by step, so as to avoid being too thick too early and injuring the root to death. Fertilization once a week during the growing period, when the new shoots have grown and begin to buckle water, the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled to avoid flourishing branches, and at the same time, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer or quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be sprayed on the leaves every week to promote the formation of flower buds. After the physiological differentiation of flower buds is completed (before and after the Beginning of Autumn), fertilizer and water are applied 2-3 times a month. Around the Spring Festival, when flower buds are enlarged, fertilizers are applied one or two times, mainly with quick-acting fertilizer (human fecal urine or urea) to promote flowering.

Watering method of plum blossom

1. Plum blossoms are most afraid of flooding, but they should not be too dry. The roots of plums should not be in the wet soil with poor drainage for a long time, otherwise they are easy to rot to death. Plum blossom is a broad-leaved tree species, which needs more water in the growing season in summer. if lack of water will weaken photosynthesis and reduce the accumulation of nutrients, it will affect the normal growth and flowering of plum piles. The number of watering times and dosage should be determined according to the high bottom of the temperature, the humidity and the drainage of the basin soil, and the basin soil should be kept moist during the growing season. When the branches grow to 15-20 cm, before flower bud differentiation, we should grasp the principle of "no dry, no watering, watering thoroughly". When the new shoots wilt and droop, they should be watered again, "buckle water", control the growth of new shoots, carry out nutrition accumulation, and promote the differentiation of flower buds.

2. the bud of plum blossom is precocious, and it can germinate 2 or 3 times in the whole process of vegetative growth. if the secondary shoot is not properly controlled and the secondary shoot germinates and grows, the flower bud is not easy to form, and the flower bud is not easy to form in the coming year, but it loses too much water. After watering, the leaf still can not return to normal, the leaf tip withered and yellow, shedding, but also image the differentiation of flower bud. If the leaves are found to be seriously withered, the whole plum blossom can be immersed in water and taken out after 40 minutes, which is expected to return to normal. After the physiological differentiation of flower buds is completed from late July to August, normal watering should be resumed. Low temperature in winter, should be less watering and should keep the air moist, so as not to dry buds, and even buds.

Disease and insect control of plum blossom

1. There are many diseases and insect pests in plum blossoms, but they are not destructive. The main pests are aphids, longicorn beetles, diamondback moths, plum caterpillars, boat caterpillars, apricot scale and so on. Longicorn beetles are the main stem borer, which is very harmful. They can catch and kill adults from June to July, or soak cotton into wormhole poison with 200 × 300 times of dichlorvos. Aphids can be sprayed with 800-1000 times dichlorvos or useful waste tobacco every 10 days from the first ten days of April, which is often effective.

2. Anthracnose and powdery mildew are the main diseases of plum blossoms. Brown spots appear on the leaf surface at first, then widen, slightly round, concentric ring lines appear inside, and gray spots are formed, so that the leaves fall off. It can be controlled by spraying carbendazim 500 × 600 times liquid or topiramate 600 times solution every 10 days from May, and 5 ℃ stone sulfur mixture can be sprayed on plum trees in early spring.

Pruning techniques of plum blossoms

1. Plum blossom trees have strong sprouting power and are easy to sprout too many branches. if they are allowed to grow, they often lead to tree shape disorder, which not only affects ventilation and light, but also is not conducive to blossom and luxuriant blossoms, and is easy to breed diseases and insect pests, and because plum blossoms are mostly on the new branches of the same year, no matter they are planted or potted, pile landscapes or bonsai should be pruned properly, not only to make plum blossoms grow healthily and beautifully, but also to achieve the goal of strong branches and flowers every year.

2. The young plum tree can be cut at 60-80 cm from the ground, leaving 3-5 buds, allowing it to grow outward naturally, pruning and wiping buds step by step to form a "natural happy" crown, this shape is suitable for the natural branching habits of plum trees, which is not only ventilated and transparent, but also makes full use of space, so the crown forms quickly, grows exuberantly, and expands the flowering area. Pruning young plum blossom trees should be based on the principle of strong branches and less pruning, so that they can grow evenly, leave lateral buds or outer buds, and make the branches grow horizontally. The forming tree should follow the principle of "strong branches and weak branches" in order to promote the formation of flower branches. In addition, the withered, dead, disease, insect, overdense and overgrown branches must be cut off from the branches.

3. At the turn of spring and summer, the buds that are too dense should be properly removed to save nutrients and facilitate ventilation and light transmission. For flowering plum trees, they should be pruned after flowering. Flower branches with branches below 30 cm and bouquets of branches between 11 cm and 25 cm are densely flowered, which should promote the growth of such flower branches. Potted plum blossom leaves 2-3 buds re-cut, or grafted buds sprout to 10 cm when the heart, to promote multiple lateral branches, so that the plant shape is low and fast. For the formed plum pile, in addition to the re-cutting of 2-3 buds, the number and length of branches, as well as the direction of the cut should be considered.

The modeling method of plum blossom

1. Qu Gan style: qu Gan type bonsai of plum blossom "straight without appearance, regular without scenery", the trunk should not be straight. To bend the trunk into an irregular bend, it is required to bend naturally, and it is appropriate to bend from 1 to 3. The trunk of the young tree is small and easy to tie, use a string to cover the foundation and slowly bend the trunk. When the bend is needed, tie the rope in the right place, tie it into a dead knot, and fix it. The curvature should be gradually reduced from the bottom to the top, or with lead wire of suitable thickness, fixed at the root and wound around the trunk. Then you can take the bend according to the desired bend. For a thicker trunk, it is not easy to bend. A sharp blade can be used to cross-cut two or three places on the inside of the trunk, reaching 1-3 to 1-2 of the xylem, wrap the wound with plastic sheeting, and then bend the trunk. And should often check, lest embedded in the tree, Jingxiang growth.

2. Oblique dry type: oblique dried plum blossom bonsai is chic and unrestrained, unique in charm, very popular with people, and easy to cultivate. When potting, it can be cultivated by tilting the trunk to one side. Horizontal dry type and cliff type small bonsai, elegant and beautiful, graceful, elegant and unrestrained, the four shooting roots will be cut off the small side, the thicker roots on the other side will be planted in the pot, the trunk lying horizontal, close to the potted surface will be horizontal dry type. The front part of the trunk is lower than the basin, that is, the cliff type. Lugen can show that "Shiya Youfang, intertwined roots" and a variety of forms, the plum pile after the basin, the plant type is low, and the lateral roots are many and strong, in the autumn of that year or the next spring, even the soil ball is plucked out, after the cultivation soil in the basin, put it in the basin, after many times of irrigating, it will form a Megan shaped like an eagle's claw.

3. Wood-attached type: Wood-attached plum blossom bonsai is fast and easy to shape. Choose the old dead stump or dead plum stump, open the mess along the branch behind it, and fix it with the branches of the same year or two. After several years of cultivation, due to the rapid growth and expansion of the young trees, tumors appear around the trough, as if integrated with the ancient stakes.

4. Plum pile style: plum pile type plum blossom bonsai have different styles in different parts of our country. For example, Yangzhou cuts the plum trunk in half, revealing the vigorous old trunk, which is called plum splitting. Shandong and Henan bend the two and three directions of the main branches to the left and right and tie them into a screen style. Anhui and Sichuan will bend the trunk left and right, shaped like a wandering dragon, known as Longyou Mei.