Cultivation methods and precautions of spider orchid

Hanging orchid, also known as hanging pot grass, hanging orchid, fishing orchid, orchid, Cymbidium, etc., is a perennial evergreen herb of the family Liliaceae, flowering in May and fruiting in August, originating in southern Africa and widely cultivated all over the world. It has a high ornamental value, and the plant can purify the air. The whole plant can be used as medicine. Let's take a look at the breeding methods and matters needing attention.

Growth habits of Cymbidium

Cymbidium prefers warm, humid, semi-overcast environment, strong adaptability, drought tolerance, not very cold resistance, no choice of soil, and grows better in well-drained, loose and fertile sandy soil. Light requirements are not strict, generally suitable for growth in medium light conditions, but also resistant to weak light. The suitable temperature for growth is 1525 ℃, and the overwintering temperature is 5 ℃. When the temperature is 20-24 ℃, the growth is the fastest, and it is easy to produce stolons. When the growth stops at more than 30 ℃, the leaves often turn yellow and dry. The plant can grow normally and blossom at room temperature of more than 12 ℃ in winter. If the temperature is too low, the growth is slow or dormant. If the temperature is less than 5 ℃, cold injury is easy to occur.

Propagation methods of Cymbidium

1. Cutting method: Cymbidium cuttings can be carried out at any time from spring to autumn. Cut the clustered stems and leaves on the stolon of Cymbidium (in fact, it is a new plant larva, with leaves on the top and air roots at the bottom), plant it directly into a flowerpot and keep it in the shade. Be careful not to bury it too deep when cutting, otherwise it is easy to break your heart. When potted orchids are planted, the number of cuttings depends on the size of the pot. Generally, small pots can cut 2 to 3 trees, medium pots to about 3, and large pots to 5 to 6.

2. split method: when the plant is divided, the plant can be lifted out of the basin, the old soil and rotten root can be removed, and the old root can be cut open, so that there are three stems on the split plant, and then transplanted and cultured respectively. The clustered stems and leaves on the stolon of Cymbidium can also be cut (in fact, it is a new plant larva, with leaves on the top and air roots on the bottom), and can be planted directly in the flowerpot.

3. Sowing method: the seed propagation of Cymbidium can be carried out in March every year. Because its seed grain is not big, after sowing the seed, the covering soil above should not be thick, generally 0.5 cm. Under the condition of 15 ℃, the seeds can germinate in about 2 weeks, and then transplant and culture after the seedlings take shape. When the varieties with leaf art were propagated by seeds, the offspring were degenerated into all-green varieties.

The Culture method of Cymbidium

1. Soil selection: the cultivation of Cymbidium is suitable for easy and fertile sandy loam, which requires that the soil contains humus and strong permeability. Potted plants can use rotten leaf soil or peat soil, garden soil and river sand mixed with a small amount of base fertilizer as the substrate. After changing the basin, we should pay attention to the re-preparation of new soil.

2. suitable lighting: hanging orchid likes semi-shady environment, and hanging orchid is very sensitive to light. if the summer and autumn sun is direct, the leaves will wither and yellow, or even the whole plant will die, so it should be kept in a cool and ventilated place, and pay attention to maintain environmental humidity. at most, you can only see some oblique light sooner or later. In winter, because the sun is not strong, we can let the orchid accept some direct sunlight properly.

3. Culture temperature: Cymbidium prefers warm and humid climate and is not resistant to severe cold and heat. The optimum growth temperature of Cymbidium is 1525 degrees Celsius, and the room temperature in winter should not be lower than 5 ℃. Avoid strong light in high temperature season, need to keep shade sparse, low temperature and cool time should see more sunlight, in order to keep the leaf color bright. In Guangdong Province, China, the temperatures in spring, summer and autumn are all suitable for the growth of Cymbidium, but attention should be paid to cold prevention and heat preservation when the winter temperature is lower than 5-7 degrees Celsius.

4. Watering: Diaolan likes water, because its fleshy root has developed water storage tissue and strong drought resistance, but it needs more water during the peak growth period from March to September, so it should be watered and sprayed frequently to increase humidity and keep the basin soil completely moist. During the dormant period in winter, the basin soil can be watered after it is dry at a depth of about one centimeter. It should be noted that if the soil is too dry, it will cause the leaves to fade temporarily, although the primary color will be restored after rewatering, but the leaf tip may turn brown permanently. Spray water on branches and leaves around noon and in the evening

5. Fertilization management: Cymbidium is a more fertilizer-tolerant plant. If there is not enough fertilizer and water, it is easy for the scorched head to grow old, the leaves turn yellow and lose ornamental value. For Cymbidium which has begun to grow plantlets, nitrogen topdressing can be applied once every half a month. If the orchid grows well, it can be done without fertilization.

6. Change soil and basin: Cymbidium culture usually changes the basin once every 2 to 3 years, but in order to achieve luxuriant stems and leaves, the soil and basin can be changed in March every year.

7. Reasonable pruning: in the aspect of pruning, the yellow leaves should be cut off at any time at ordinary times, and the basin can be turned once every March to cut off the old root, rotten root and excess fibrous root. The old leaves of Cymbidium can be cut off in the first and middle of May, which will promote the germination of more new leaves and small Cymbidium.

8. Hydroponic hanging orchids: hydroponic culture can also be used for hydroponic culture. when hydroponic culture is to be carried out, potted orchids can be poured out of the basin, wash the soil with water, cut off old leaves and roots, put them in hydroponic utensils, and then pour clean water. Be careful not to have too much water, just to the root and stem. In order to grow vigorously, you can drop a few drops of nutrient solution into the water. Wide-mouth glass bottles, glasses and other containers can be used for utensils. The water in the container can be changed every few days, or some water can be added.

Culture method of hydroponic Cymbidium

1. Select the container: generally, the vase should be selected according to the size of the hydroponic suspension orchid, which can be fixed or not.

2. Seedling selection: you can choose to walk the new seedlings on the stem, preferably with aerial roots, or you can wash off the soil and carry out hydroponic culture.

3. Hydroponic culture method: do not add too much water when hydroponic culture, and the root system can be no more than 1 beat, 3 cycles, 1 blade, 2 roots.

4. Maintenance and management: the pure water is changed every 2-3 days. If the pure water is changed from soil culture to hydroponics, part of the root system will rot at the initial stage, which needs to be cut off and sterilized. When the new water root is 3 to 5 centimeters long, it is necessary to add nutrient solution to the water, the amount does not need to be large. The maintenance environment had better have scattered light, not too shaded or exposed to the sun, and those with dry leaf tips should be pruned in time.

The Culture function of Cymbidium

1, beautify the room: the hanging orchid is one of the most traditional living room hanging plants, the leaves are slender and soft, and small plants are drawn from the leaf axils, hanging down from the edge of the pot, stretching and drooping, like flowers, evergreen all the year round, small white flowers blooming in summer, and stamens yellow. It is one of the best varieties of green plants used to beautify the room.

2, fresh air: the fresh air effect of the hanging orchid is very remarkable, it can carry out photosynthesis in weak light, absorb more than 80% of the harmful gases in the room, and has a strong ability to absorb formaldehyde. If you keep 2 pots of hanging orchids in a room, you can absorb all the poisonous gases in the air. in a room of 8 to 10 square meters, a pot of hanging orchids is equivalent to an air purifier, which can kill 80% of the harmful substances in the room within 24 hours, absorb 86% formaldehyde, absorb carbon monoxide and nitrogen peroxide emitted by stoves, electrical appliances and plastic products, and decompose benzene. Absorb nicotine and other relatively stable harmful substances in cigarette smoke, so the orchid is also known as "green purifier".

3. Improve fengshui: the decoration of hanging orchid also has certain significance in the layout of fengshui at home, which is arranged according to the layout of fengshui at home, in order to add positive energy field, enhance the fortune and wealth of the family, and is beneficial to the health of the respiratory tract, lungs and spleen of the family.

4. Medicinal value: the root and whole herb of Cymbidium can be used as medicine, which can resolve phlegm and relieve cough, dissipate blood stasis and detumescence, clear heat and detoxification. The main phlegm-heat cough, fall injury, fracture, carbuncle swelling, hemorrhoids, burns. It can be used for children with high fever, lung heat and cough, hematemesis, swelling and pain.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of Cymbidium

1. Scale insects: according to the occurrence of shell insects, spray during the peak period of nymphs. Therefore, most nymphs do not hatch soon, the body surface has not yet secreted wax, the shell has not been formed, and it is still easy to kill with drugs. Spray once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row. Spray with 1000 times of omethoate, 1500 times of malathion, 1000 times of imidophos, 1000 times of 50% dichlorvos, or 3000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin.

2. Whitefly: irrigate the roots with 500 × 800 times of carbendazim wettable powder once a week for 2 or 3 times.

3. Aphids: aphids in spring are one of them, which should be erased in time and can be killed by spraying 1500 times omethoate.

4. Mites: the second is mites in summer and autumn, which needs to be killed with 1000 times triclofenac. Pay attention to ventilation and increase leaf humidity, can reduce the infection of mites.

5. Root rot: root rot can be irrigated by 2 grams per square meter with wet powder, or 1500 to 3000 times before or at the initial stage of the disease, with 200 milliliters per plant. When the disease is serious, the diseased plants should be removed and root irrigation should be carried out at the same time.

Matters needing attention of hanging orchid

The main results are as follows: 1. Fertilizing too much exceeds the requirement of the plant. At the beginning, the leaves were shiny and uneven, the roots rotted and the leaves were yellow. Should stop fertilizing, irrigate more water, or turn the pot to clean the root and replace the new soil.

2. without turning the basin and changing the soil for a long time, all kinds of nutrient elements in the basin soil have been exhausted, the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium have not been replenished in time, the plant is lack of nutrients, and the leaves are yellow and thin. Fertile loam and fertile water should be replaced in time.

3. Although the orchid is a semi-negative flower, at least four hours of astigmatism should be seen every day, otherwise the chlorophyll will decrease and the leaves will turn yellow.

4. the air permeability and water permeability of the basin soil are poor, the water accumulation of the basin soil is not dry for a long time, and it is difficult to breathe the roots, which leads to the yellowing of the leaves. The soil should be loosened and moisture should be controlled in time.

5. if it is watertight for a long time, the root loses water, and the lower old leaves turn yellow. It should be watered thoroughly to keep the basin soil warm and moist.