Planting technology of lavender

Lavender, also known as perfume plant, spirit vanilla, vanilla, yellow vanilla, etc., is a small shrub of the family Labiatae. The leaf shape is beautiful and elegant, and the blue-purple inflorescence is long and beautiful. It is a new perennial cold-resistant flower in the courtyard. It is suitable for planting flowers in clusters or strips. It can also be potted and ornamental. It has high planting value. Let's take a look at the planting technology of lavender.

Growth habits of lavender

1, temperature: lavender has strong adaptability, adult plants can withstand both low temperature and high temperature, and can withstand high temperature of about 40 ℃ in harvest season. In Huanglong area of Shaanxi Province, lavender plants can survive the winter safely in the open field at-21 ℃, * * area, which can withstand low temperature of-37 ℃ after buried soil treatment and snow cover. The seedlings can tolerate a low temperature of-10 ℃. During the growth and development of lavender in the following year, the average temperature is about 8 ℃, it takes 10-15 days to begin to germinate, the average temperature is 12-15 ℃, the average temperature to turn green and elongate is 20 days, the average temperature is 16-18 ℃, it takes 25-30 days to start budding, the average temperature is 20-22 ℃, and the average temperature is 26-32 ℃.

2. Moisture: lavender is a kind of plant that likes drying and does not need much water. It is suitable for annual rainfall of 600-800 mm. In the returning green stage and budding stage, the plant grows faster, needs more water, needs less water in flowering stage, is suitable in fruiting stage, and should be irrigated or covered with snow in winter dormancy. Therefore, the ideal distribution of rainfall in a year is abundant in spring, moderate in summer and plenty of snow in winter.

3. Sunshine: lavender is a long sunshine plant, the growth and development period requires sufficient sunshine, and the annual sunshine hours are more than 2000 hours. if the plant is in a damp environment, it will underdevelop and age quickly.

4. Soil: lavender has developed root system, fertile soil with deep, loose, good air permeability and rich in silicon and calcium, acidic or alkaline soil and land with heavy viscosity, poor drainage or high groundwater level, should not be planted.

Propagation methods of lavender

1. Sowing seedlings: sowing seedlings has the characteristics of fast reproduction, developed root system and strong seedlings, but it has great variability, so it is a good material for seed selection. Seeds with uniform size, full grains and brown luster should be selected. Seeds should be soaked in 30 ℃ warm water for 12-24 hours, soaked in concentrated sulfuric acid for 5 minutes, washed and dried with water, and seeds can be sowed and propagated in April. The lowest temperature for seed germination was 8-12 ℃, and the optimum temperature was 20-25 ℃. It was planted in May, but the propagation variation of lavender seed was larger and the seed price was higher.

2, cutting propagation: lavender production is mainly based on cutting propagation, which can maintain the good quality of the female parent, strong adaptability, can be carried out in spring and autumn, generally choose disease-free and pest-free and healthy plant terminal buds or tender, non-Lignification branch cuttings, when cutting, remove the leaves of the bottom 2 sections, and then soak them with "Root Sun" rooting agent 100 times, after treatment, the cuttings will take root in the soil for about 2-3 weeks. The cutting medium can be evenly mixed with river sand and elliptical bran in the proportion of 2 ∶ 1, and put into a 5 × 10 hole plate for cutting. After cutting, put the seedlings in a cool and ventilated environment, keep the soil moist in the first 3 days, and then depend on the weather to ensure that the branches do not wrinkle leaves, dry up, and improve the survival rate. The management of cutting seedlings is more convenient, there is no need to apply fertilizer in the whole seedling stage, and it is widely used in production.

Planting techniques of lavender

1. Pruning: the newly planted lavender grows slowly in the early stage. With the rise of spring temperature, lavender entered the green period in mid-April. in order to promote the branching and root development of lavender, artificial pruning should be carried out from the end of April to the first ten days of May, that is, the top branches more than 15 cm from the ground should be trimmed and stubble, heavy cutting in the middle of the plant and light pruning around.

2. Flowering management: lavender usually enters the bud stage in the first stubble of lavender in late May and in full bloom in late June. In the first year of planting, in order to promote the branch growth of lavender seedlings and reduce the consumption of nutrients, the first bud of lavender seedlings can be destroyed in early June. The second crop of flowers entered the budding stage in mid-August and was in full bloom in mid-September. In the case of good climatic conditions in autumn, the third stubble flower was in full bloom in the middle of October.

3. Irrigation and ploughing: for newly planted lavender, adequate irrigation should be ensured in the first 3 years to promote plant growth. Lavender turning green should be watered in time in mid-late April every year. According to weather conditions and soil moisture, water should be watered 6-8 times a year. Pay attention to watering bud water and flowering water, evenly and thoroughly to ensure watering quality. Combined with each irrigation and timely ploughing, to achieve the purpose of preserving soil moisture, increasing temperature and weeding, generally ploughing and weeding 5-7 times in the whole year, and overwintering water in the first and middle of November.

4. timely topdressing: although lavender has strong resistance to barren and drought, it needs to supply relatively more water and fertilizer in order to promote the rapid growth and yield of lavender after planting. For newly planted lavender, early and diligent fertilization should be applied within 3 years after planting. Combined with the first fertilization, the first stubble flower bud stage, combined with watering urea 15 kg, diammonium phosphate 10 kg per mu, the second topdressing urea 10 kg per mu, artificial hole application next to the plant.

5. Overwintering management: the winter is long and the temperature is low. Field experiments show that artificial burying must be carried out before overwintering to ensure the safety of lavender in this area. That is, after overwintering water in early November, the branches of lavender which are more than 15-20 cm from the ground are pruned with flat stubble, and then surrounded by soil, which is about 15 cm thick, so as to ensure that the base of the tree will not suffer frost damage. Note that the buried soil should be neither too thick nor too thin. In the following spring, before pouring back the green water, pick the soil and release the seedlings in time, that is, remove the covered soil on the plant to prevent the branches and leaves from mildew and rot in the soil.

6. Timely harvest: the appropriate harvest time for lavender is full bloom, that is, when 70% of the florets bloom, the yield will be affected if the harvest is too early or too late. The first stubble flowers are generally from late June to mid-July, and the second stubble flowers are from late September to early October. The yield should be predicted before harvest. Weeds and excessive stems and leaves should not be carried during harvest, so as not to affect the quality of the oil. After harvest, you should choose a sunny day after 10:00, such as big dew in the morning or cloudy days should not be harvested. The stronger the light, the hotter the day, the higher the oil production rate. Do not pile up too thick when transporting and drying flowers to prevent heat and self-steam. it must be finished on the same day of harvest.

7. Disease and pest control

① leaf spot disease: spray Bordeaux solution 1 ∶ 200 to prevent 2-3 times, or Dysen zinc 500-800 times.

② root rot, Fusarium wilt: use 50% carbendazim 500x solution, or 50% methyl topiramate 400x solution to irrigate roots or leaves.

③ red spider: dilute the solution 600-1000 times with 1.8% avermectin, or foliar spray such as dicofol.

④ leafhopper, jumping beetle: control with 50% phoxim EC, 50% fenitrothion EC, 12% insecticidal crown EC and other pyrethroids.