Obstruction of bronchi or bronchioles in atelectasis

Atelectasis often occurs in infants and young children, and there is a difference between congenital and acquired acquired by external force compression. In general, the mortality rate of congenital atelectasis is extremely high, because the baby's alveoli cannot be filled with gas at birth, have difficulty breathing and appear cyanosis, and die of severe hypoxia. Acquired mainly depends on the severity of atelectasis, that is, a segment or multiple segments, or a lobe or multiple lobes of the reduced air content, or even collapse. The greater the extent of atelectasis, the greater the severity.

In addition, the refractory nature of atelectasis, so the treatment should first completely eliminate the causes, that is, compression, bronchial or bronchiolar obstruction, if not obstruction, there may be a lack of surfactant, pulmonary terminal airway neuromuscular structure abnormality and other reasons. During radiography, the transmittance of atelectasis decreases, and the adjacent bronchi, pulmonary vessels and pulmonary interstitium tend to gather in atelectasis. In some cases, there will be solid changes in this area, and compensatory emphysema will occur in other areas.

A very small number of patients with congenital atelectasis who have collapsed inflated lung tissue will survive. Congenital and acquired pulmonary collapse is one of the refractory pneumothorax, the effective rate is about 63%, the cure rate is very low, and congenital pulmonary collapse is more difficult to treat. seriously affecting the quality of life and longevity. Obstruction in the bronchi or bronchioles can also easily lead to atelectasis. There were foreign bodies, bronchial lesions, bronchial wall spasm and blockage of viscous secretions in the lumen.

Obstruction of foreign bodies in the bronchi or bronchioles can lead to lobar or segmental atelectasis caused by bronchioles or bronchioles, and occasional foreign bodies block the trachea or main bronchi to cause bilateral or unilateral atelectasis. Tracheal lesions may include tracheobronchomalacia, airway stenosis, bronchial submucosal tuberculosis, tuberculosis granulation tissue, diphtheria pseudomembrane extending to trachea, bronchiectasis and so on.

Among the causes of bronchial wall spasm and viscous secretion blockage in the lumen, one is that the respiratory tract of infants is narrow and easy to be blocked. Second, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, pertussis, measles, bronchial asthma and other pulmonary inflammation, easy to cause bronchial smooth muscle spasm, bronchial mucosal swelling, viscous secretion obstruction and atelectasis, mainly in winter and spring. Therefore, atelectasis mainly occurs in winter and spring, and it can also be treated in summer, but it still needs to be closely combined with the physique of patients.