Measures of soil management and protection in cherry orchard with shallow roots, no drought resistance and no wind resistance

Cherry trees have shallow roots and are not resistant to drought, waterlogging and wind. Therefore, cherry trees have higher requirements for soil management and protection.

Cherry loosen soil

Ridging cultivation: cherries are planted on ridges and drained by ridges and furrows, which can prevent waterlogging and drought. General ridge width 150~200cm, ridge height 20~25cm, and the outer edge of the drainage ditch and drainage trench communication, in order to remove stagnant water in time.

Cultivation of soil trunks: cherry roots are shallow, after planting, raise a mound of about 30cm at the base of the trunk, which can enhance tree stability, increase the absorption area of roots, and at the same time, resist drought and preserve soil moisture; soil cultivation is generally carried out in early spring, and then peel open the mound in autumn to find diseases and timely treatment; the top of the mound is closely connected with the tree trunk to prevent the trunk from flowing into Rain Water, causing waterlogging.

Deep turning and hole expansion: deep turning and hole expansion will begin in the autumn of the first to second year after planting, in order to facilitate root expansion; deep turning and hole expansion can be done in all seasons, but it is better in autumn (September to October). Because of the higher air temperature and soil temperature at this time, root cutting is easy to heal, and the new roots are the most in the second spring, which can enhance nutrient absorption. Combined with hole expansion, base fertilizer can be applied in autumn. if the garden soil is clay, in addition to more application of crop straw and animal manure, sand should also be added to improve soil permeability.

Middle ploughing and loosening soil: after irrigation and rain; after each irrigation, ploughing and loosening the soil, on the one hand, it can preserve water, prevent soil consolidation, on the other hand, it can eliminate weeds; after entering the rainy season, the number of rainfall increases, weeds grow faster, it is necessary to hoe several times appropriately, the depth is about 5cm, in order to prevent damage to thick roots.

Orchard intercropping: during the period of young trees, cash crops can be properly intercropped between cherry rows; intercropping crops should be short, short growing period, absorb less water and nutrients, staggered with cherry trees, shallow roots, fewer diseases and insect pests, and are not the same diseases and insect pests as cherry; beans, melons and vegetables, medicinal plants, green manure, etc., are better than wheat, corn, sweet potato, etc. When intercropping, keep enough tree plates. The intercropping time is determined according to the planting density and tree growth, with the principle that it does not affect the tree growth, generally 1-2 years.

Soil ploughing: soil ploughing should be carried out after or in combination with the application of basic fertilizer in autumn; ploughing should be about 15cm, shallower around the trunk, so as not to damage the big root; combined with leveling the ground, the ground in the crown is slightly higher, and the root is damaged by waterlogging in the rainy season.

Orchard grass: when the orchard is not covered and intercropped with cash crops, orchard grass can be planted in the orchard, which can not only save labor and time, but also increase the content of soil organic matter, prevent soil erosion, regulate soil temperature, reduce freezing injury and sunburn; shallow root system, low dry gramineae, legume or green manure should be selected, such as clover and alfalfa; in the grass growing season, pay attention to increase the application of chemical fertilizer to prevent grass from competing with cherry trees for fertilizer. When the grass grows to 20~30cm height in summer, mow the grass in time and root out the tall grass between the rows.

Maintenance of terraces: for cherry orchards with hilly terraces, terraces can also be repaired once a year in autumn and spring, or in the rainy season; Weir should be repaired and soil ridges should be reinforced; clean up the mud, broken grass and rotten leaves in bamboo ditches, silt pits and reservoirs, and turn these sediments onto the ground.

Cherry covered with plastic film

Mulching plastic film: according to the purpose of use, plastic film should be selected, such as colorless transparent plastic film, which can keep soil moisture and increase temperature best; black plastic film can preserve soil moisture, keep heat and weed better; silver reflective film can insulate and reflect sunlight; it is necessary to cover cherries before coloring to increase the internal light intensity of the crown and improve the quality.

Orchard grass mulching: grass can be covered before the rainy season, rain can fix the grass, and Rain Water can promote the grass to rot; sprinkle the grass evenly under the crown, leaving 20cm vents in the rhizome; the grass cover is 20cm, requiring 2000kg to 3000kg per mu; if the grass source is insufficient, the grass tree plate can be mainly covered; after grass mulching, a small amount of sparse soil should be pressed above to prevent the wind from blowing and flying. Grass-covered orchards should strengthen the prevention and control of underground rodent damage, pay attention to fire prevention in winter, and open waterways in the rainy season to facilitate drainage; tree plate mulching is most suitable for mountain orchards, and grass mulching is not recommended for flat cherry orchards and waterlogged lowlands with heavy soil, because grass mulching is easy to accumulate water and cause waterlogging damage; when controlling pests and medications, mulch should be taken into account to eliminate pests lurking in the grass.