How to fertilize cherries scientifically?

Cherry fertilization

1. Cherry fertilization period:

Cherry has a short growing period and needs to be fertilized quickly and centrally. From sprouting, leaf spreading, flowering, cherry development to maturity, it is concentrated in April-June, and flower bud differentiation is also concentrated in a short period after harvest, so the tree nutritional status before overwintering directly affects the growth and development. According to this characteristic, it is necessary to apply base fertilizer in autumn, topdressing at flowering and fruit stage and after fruit harvest. Base fertilizer is generally applied in August and September. After fertilization, the fertilizer effect will be brought into full play in that year to increase the nutrition of the tree, which is conducive to flowering and fruiting. According to the law of cherry fertilizer requirement, topdressing can be divided into three times: first, pre-flowering fertilizer, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, timely supplement tree nutrition, promote flower bud germination and spring shoot growth; second, strong fruit fertilizer, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, combined with phosphate fertilizer, promote cherry expansion, reduce physiological fruit drop, improve quality and supplement nutrition; third, cherry topdressing before coloring, mainly quick-acting potash fertilizer, is applied 20 ~ 25 days before harvest. The fourth is to replenish fertilizer after fruit harvest, mainly to quick-acting fertilizer, preferably compound fertilizer.

2. Amount of fertilizer applied to cherries:

The main results are as follows: 1) the law of fertilizer requirement: Cherry has the highest demand for nitrogen and potassium, and the quantity is similar, but the demand for phosphorus is low. The suitable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 10, 15, 10, 12. In addition, the demand ratio of calcium, magnesium and sulfur for cherry is 1.4: 2.4, 0.3: 0.8, 0.2: 0.4. These elements play an important role in improving the quality of cherries, especially calcium, which can prevent cherry from cracking, improve hardness, prolong supply period, reduce physiological diseases during storage, increase stress resistance of cherries and trees, and reduce freezing injury during flowering.

2) nutrient content of cherries: according to research and determination, for every 100kg cherry production, it is necessary to absorb 1.04kg of pure nitrogen, 0.14kg of pure phosphorus and 1.37kg of pure potassium, plus root, branch and leaf growth needs, Rain Water leaching, soil fixation, cherry orchards with medium soil fertility, the annual fertilizer application amount should be 2-3 times of cherry yield.

3) Nutrition content of normal cherry leaves: in normal cherry trees, the main elements in leaf dry matter are as follows: nitrogen 2.33%, phosphorus 0.23%, potassium 1.25%, calcium 1.62%, magnesium 0.49-0.74%. Trace elements: sulfur 124~150mg / kg, iron 119~203mg / kg, manganese 44 mg / kg, boron 38 mg / kg, zinc 20 mg / kg, copper 8 mg / kg, molybdenum 0.5 mg / kg. According to the analysis of plant diagnosis, if it is lower than the lower limit of the above content, fertilizer should be applied in time to avoid element deficiency. Specific to a cherry orchard, the appropriate amount of fertilizer should also be determined according to the yield level of the orchard. The formula fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can obviously promote the high and stable yield of cherry.

4) basic application amount of organic fertilizer: organic fertilizer can improve soil, increase soil fertility, reduce environmental pollution, improve cherry quality, and play a certain role in cherry color, brightness, hardness and sugar content. High-yielding cherries generally apply 150 kilograms of fermented pig and chicken manure organic fertilizer per plant.

5) spraying trace element fertilizer: according to the principle of making up for deficiency, boron, zinc, magnesium and other elements should be properly supplemented. Spraying 0.3% borax solution at flowering stage can promote floral organ development and increase fruit setting rate. After setting fruit, spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution has obvious effect on increasing the sugar content and coloring of cherries.

3. Fertilization methods for cherries:

According to the characteristics of cherry fertilizer requirement and fertilizer characteristics, the base fertilizer should be applied. First of all, make a bed for the tree plate, spread the organic fertilizer on the surface of the tree plate, and immediately water it, 100 kg per plant. The advantages of applying base fertilizer are as follows: first, the absorption area is large and the utilization rate is high; second, the nutrient is not easy to lose and the effect is good; third, the soil is loose and not hardened. Topdressing outside the root, using foliar spraying method, can make nutrients directly absorbed by leaves, mainly urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea concentration is 0.3%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate concentration is 0.3%, spraying from top to bottom, leaf back and front should be sprayed, leaf and cherry non-dripping liquid shall prevail. Cherry is a chlorine-free tree, so potassium sulfate must be chosen for potash fertilizer, not potassium chloride.