Cultivation techniques of blackcurrant with strong disease resistance to plant high yield blackcurrant

Blackcurrant, the scientific name of blackcurrant, the fruit is a small berry, rich in sugar, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, vitamins and other substances. Especially the high content of vitamin C, in the fruit, second only to kiwifruit, can be used as the raw material for the extraction of vitamin C. Its juice is purplish red and transparent, can make fruit juice, fruit wine, jam, can also be eaten raw.

Blackcurrant

First, variety selection: for many years, the main cultivated varieties of blackcurrant are bright leaf thick skin and thin skin black beans. The thick bark of bright leaves has long life and strong adaptability, but it should be buried in the soil over the winter and is not resistant to disease; the thin skin is cold-resistant and does not bury the soil through the winter, but the fruit quality is poor, the yield per unit area and juice yield are low, and it is not resistant to transportation. Through introduction experiments and cross breeding, domestic scientific research institutions have bred a number of new varieties with good quality, high yield and strong disease resistance, such as Black Pearl, Black Venus, Zaosheng Black, Honey panicle, Oibin, Bulaode, Hanfeng, Zaofeng and so on. The yield of these varieties is as high as 1000 kg / mu 2, which is about 20% higher than that of bright leaf thick bark, has strong disease resistance, basically does not use medicine during the whole growth period, and is immune to powdery mildew; the juice yield is high, the sugar content is high, and the content of soluble solids is higher than that of bright leaf thick bark.

Second, reproductive techniques:

1. Cuttage propagation. After autumn, the strong basal branches were cut from the mother plant of the improved variety, and the cuttings of 20~25cm were cut into a bundle of 50 to 300 roots, which were buried and stored in wet sand in the ditch (cellar). When the soil temperature is more than 5 ℃ in the next spring, the cuttings will be cut into 10~15cm, and the cuttings will take root in about half a month. Under good management, it will be wonderful in the autumn of that year. Autumn cuttings can also be used in places with heavy snow in winter.

2. Striping propagation. In spring, the basal branches from last year were pressed around the plants to bury the soil of 5cm. After the new Shao grew high, he was covered with soil 3cm to expand the rooting range. After the mother plant is cut off in autumn, the seedling can be formed.

3.Propagation of individual plants. Generally, there are adventitious roots under each basal branch. If the clump is dug up, it can be divided into several small clumps.

Third, the technology of building a garden:

1. The choice of garden. Blackcurrant likes light, temperature, humidity and fertilizer, so we should choose fertile land with warm, sunny and sufficient moisture to build the garden.

2. Planting density. The suitable row spacing is 1.5-2.0 m or 1.5-2.5 m. The ratio of main varieties to pollinated varieties is 3% 4%. The size of the planting hole is 30 × 30cm. After planting, there should be 2-4 unearthed plants in order to have more lateral branches. Three seedlings can be planted in each hole.

3. Planting technology. It is suitable to plant in spring. The size of the planting hole is 30 × 30cm. After planting, 3-4 buds of branches were exposed to the soil surface, and 2-4 seedlings were planted in each hole. In order to promote multiple adventitious roots and basal multiple basal branches, oblique planting can be deeply planted.

Fourth, shaping and pruning:

1. The method of plastic surgery. Cluster plastic surgery is mainly used. When planting in spring, all branches were cut short, and 4-5 well-developed buds were left on each branch. 4-5 first-grade branches (2-year-old backbone branches) were formed in autumn, and the lateral branches began to form flower buds. Some clumps produce basal branches from the rhizome.

Blackcurrant harvest

2. Pruning method. Cultivate and maintain 15-20 backbone branches of different ages, keep good light conditions, and remove overdense branches. The basal branches cut off the full length of 1 + 2 + 1 + 3 to cultivate strong backbone branches; leave 2 + 5 buds at the top of elongated branches and new shoots; do not cut short fruit branches and short fruit branches. In order to cultivate long-lived and robust backbone branches, the basal branches that occur at the base of them should be controlled. Except for retaining the renewal buds, erase all the buds that occur at the base of the plant. The aging backbone branches should be renewed in time and shrunk to the strong lateral branches. Disease and insect branches, weak branches and injured branches should be removed from the base as soon as possible.

Fifth, fertilizer and water management: applying base fertilizer in autumn or spring. The application of organic fertilizer per mu of adult garden is 3-4 tons, and that of young garden is 2-3 tons. The effective components of inorganic fertilizer are 4-5 kg of nitrogen, 3-4 kg of phosphorus and potassium, which are applied in furrows or annular ditches. Furrow application is to open ditches near the root, deep 10~20cm, wide 20~30cm, and cover the soil after fertilization. With the increase of tree age, the position of fertilizer application ditch opened outward year by year, and the ditch deepened and widened until all the ditches were applied between rows. Base fertilizer can be applied every 1-2 years. Topdressing was mainly applied in spring and June, the first time was nitrogen fertilizer, and the second time was combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Irrigation is mainly carried out in spring and early growth, and furrow irrigation or hole irrigation can be used. The root distribution layer must be thoroughly irrigated, and the soil will be raked flat to preserve soil moisture after irrigation. Ploughing and weeding in time after irrigation.

Harvest: blackcurrant is easy to fall off after maturity and must be harvested by stages. Fully ripe blackcurrant is selected when harvested, when the berries are heavy, the juice has a good color and contains high vitamins. It should be harvested in the afternoon and evening. Berries are not perishable. The picked berries are put in wooden boxes and sold in boxes later. Ripe berries can only be preserved for 2-3 days, so they should be processed and processed into fruit juice in time after harvest to reduce loss.