Improving the management of cherry blossom and fruit stage in greenhouse to prevent fruit cracking

Cherry artificial pollination

First, increase the rate of fruit setting.

① perfumed flower organs. The cherry begins 10 days before blooming, and at noon on a sunny day, let out the air every day, so that the flower organs can be exercised as soon as possible, accept certain direct radiation, and improve the quality of flower bud development.

② was sprayed with chemical fertilizer. Spraying 0.3% urea plus 0.3% borax or 600 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution before and 10 days after flowering, or spraying 50 × 10-6 gibberellin or 300 times rare earth micro-fertilizer solution at full flowering stage can significantly increase the fruit setting rate of cherries.

③ artificial pollination. It is advisable to start artificial pollination at the initial stage of cherry blooming in greenhouse and pollinate continuously for 2 or 3 times. When the bouquet-shaped flowers bloom, they gently touch each other with a wool duster. Pollen can also be collected manually and given with a brush or rubber dot. Pollination can be carried out from flowering to the 3rd day after flowering, but it is best on the day of flowering. No matter what kind of pollination is used, it should be carried out in 2 to 3 times from the early flowering stage to ensure that different flowers can be fully pollinated in time.

④ was pollinated by bees. The use of bees or wall bees to assist pollination can increase the fruit setting rate by more than 20%. During the cherry blossom period, each greenhouse can put a box of bees. When pollinating with wall bees, the beehive should be placed at a distance of 1 meter from the ground, with 250 to 300 nests in each nest. The length of the nest tube is 15~20cm and the wall diameter is 5~6mm.

⑤ new tips pick the heart. About 10 days after flowering, picking the heart of the new shoot in time to prevent the new shoot from competing with the young fruit for nutrients can increase the fruit setting rate.

Second, reasonable load. In order to improve the single fruit weight, evenness and quality of cherry, the tree load can be adjusted by thinning flower buds, flower buds, flowers and fruits.

① thinning flower buds. Before sprouting, sparse flower buds, generally a bouquet-shaped short fruit branch with 7-8 flower buds can remove about 3 thin flower buds and retain 4-5 full flower buds.

② buds or thinning flowers. After flower bud germination, thinning flower buds or flowers can save nutrients and improve fruit setting rate, but late flowers, weak flowers and flowers on developing branches should be thinned.

③ thinning fruit. After the physiological fruit drop of the cherry. The degree of fruit thinning depends on the fruit setting of the whole plant, generally, a bouquet of short fruit branches leave 3 to 4 fruits, at most 4 to 5 fruits; fruit thinning should be small fruit, weak fruit, deformed fruit, light is not easy to shine, poor coloring fruit; weak flower-like fruit branches with less than 5 leaves are generally not suitable to retain fruit.

Third, promote the expansion and coloring of cherries.

① foliar spraying fertilizer. Before removing calyx after flowering, spraying amino acid compound microfertilizer or rare earth micronutrient fertilizer could improve leaf quality, photosynthetic efficiency, red development and fruit weight of cherry.

② picking leaves. On the basis of reasonable shaping and pruning and improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the crown, the leaves blocking the cherry light were removed during the cherry coloring period. But the degree of picking leaves should not be too heavy, so as not to affect the differentiation and development of flower buds.

③ was coated with reflective film. Lay a reflective film under the crown 10-15 days before cherry harvest to increase the light reflection under the canopy and promote cherry coloring. Cherry coloring period, if it is too late, consider removing the top film to improve lighting and promote coloring.

Cherry fruit thinning

Fourth, prevent fruit cracking.

① stabilizes soil moisture. From the hard kernel stage to the second speed period, the deep soil water content of 10~30cm should be stabilized at about 12%.

② cherries are sprayed with calcium salt before harvest. Before fruit picking, 0.3% calcium chloride solution was sprayed once every 7 days for three consecutive times, which could increase the content of soluble solids in cherries and reduce cherry fruit cracking.

Fifth, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Spraying 1000 times methyl topiramate twice in young fruit stage; spraying mancozeb 500 times 600 times 70 times mancozeb or 700 times 50% carbendazim after cherry harvest; spraying 2 times 200 times 240 times Bordeaux solution from July to August to control perforation, leaf spot and dry rot; glue disease cut vertically at the spot in the early stage of the disease, squeeze out the juice and brush the original solution of stone-sulfur mixture. Caterpillars and diamondback moths should spray 15002000 times of 20% fenvalerate in the 1st and 2nd instar larvae, or make use of the social habits of the first instar larvae to inspect the cherry orchard in time.